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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the henderson hasselbalch equation aid in understanding |
pH regulation of body fluids |
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what is the henderson hasselbalch equation |
pH= 6.1 + log( cHCO3 / cdCO2) |
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CO2 is equal to what |
a x PCO2 |
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what does 6.1 stand for |
pK (equilibrium constant) for carbonic acid\ bicarbonate system |
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what is the bicarbonate and dissolved CO2 ratio |
20:1 |
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if bicarbonate or CO2 concentration changes, what must also change |
pH |
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where in the ratio do the changes occur |
numerator (renal) denominator (respiratory) |
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metabolic disturbances of acid base balance are classified as what |
primary disturbances in cHCO3 |
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respiratory disturbances are classified as what |
primary disturbances in cdCO2 |
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other than supplying O2 to tissue cells for normal metabolism, what does the respiratory mechanism contribute to |
maintenance of normal body pH through elimination or retention of CO2 in metabolic acidosis and alkalosis |
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exchange of O2 and CO2 in the lungs between alveolar air and blood is what |
external respiration |
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where does internal respiration occur |
tissue level |
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at inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm and thoracic musculature does what |
expands intrathoracic volume and creates a fall in intrapulmonary pressure |
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what is drawn into the bronchial tree and where does it terminate |
air alveoli |
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how does expiration occur |
- passively by recoil as the elastic tissue of the lungs and chest wall rebound and the intrathoracic volume is decreased |
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loss of elasticity of the lungs and destruction of the alveolar membranes are what |
basic pathological mechanisms underlying pulmonary diseases |
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what regulates involuntary increases in rate and depth of respiration |
medullary respiratory center in the brainstem |
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what is the medullary respiratory center stimulated by |
central and peripheral chemoreceptors |
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where are central chemoreceptors located |
on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata |
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where are peripheral chemoreceptors located |
in the carotid arteries and aorta |
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what are peripheral chemoreceptors stimulated by |
fall in pH caused by accumulation of CO2 or by decrease in PO2 |
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what are the central chemoreceptors stimulated by |
decrease in pH of the cerebrospinal fluid |
