Unit 3 - Formative 9 D3

Front 1

What is the only thing that changes from the arterial end to the venous end of the capillary?

Back 1

Plasma hydrostatic pressure (Pc)

Starts at 40 mmHg, decreases to 10 mmHg

Front 2

Starling Equation

Back 2

Pv = Kf ([Pc-Pi] - [Nc - Ni])

Front 3

LP Ratio

Back 3

LymphConc /Plasma Conc

Front 4

Reflection Coefficient

Back 4

RC = 1 - L/P

Front 5

Increased fluid within the interstitial gel (edema)

Back 5

Fluidin the interstitial gel becomes free and interstitial hydrostatic pressure increases

(sponge getting hypersaturated and not absorbing anymore)

Front 6

What "squeezes" the interstitial gel as we move around

Back 6

Muscle contraction; squeezes excess fluid into lymph (like a sponge)

This is why the interstitial gel is usually a negative value

Front 7

Lymph Flow as a Function of Pressure in the interstitial space

Back 7

Front 8

What is located at the junction of arterioles and capillaries?

Back 8

Precapillary Sphincters; smooth muscle band which can help direct blood

Front 9

True capillaries

Back 9

Do not have smooth muscle; consist of a single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basement membrane

Front 10

Filtration Forces

Back 10

Pc = capillary hydrostatic pressure (mmHg)
Pi = interstitial hydrostatic pressure (mmHg)
Nc = capillary oncotic pressure (mmHg)
Ni = interstitial oncotic pressure (mmg)iu

Front 11

An increased Pi indicates what?

Back 11

Absorption/opposition of filtration out of the capillary

(Interstitial pressure is pushing back against the fluid trying to get out)

Front 12

What value is Pi normally?

Back 12

Close to 0 or slight negative (bc of muscle contractions constantly squeezing the fluid out of it)

Front 13

An increase in Nc indicates what?

Back 13

Opposes filtration; sucks fluid back into the capillary

Could be increased by increases in protein concentrations in the blood (dehydration)

Front 14

What decreases Nc?

Back 14

Decreases in protein concentration; favors filtration/secretion into the interstitial fluid

Front 15

An increased Ni indicates what?

Back 15

Favors filtration/opposes absorption

Dependent on protein concentration in the interstitial fluid, which is normally low since very little protein is filtered

Front 16

Factors that increase filtration

Back 16

Increase Pc (increased arterial or venous pressure) or Ni
decreased Nc (decreased protein conc in blood) or Pi (inadequate lymphatic function)

Front 17

At the arteriolar end of a cpaillary, Pc is 30 mmHg, Nc is 28 mmHg, Pi is 0 mm Hg and Ni is 4 mm Hg. Will filtratoin or absorption occur?

Back 17

Net pressure = (30-0) - (28-4) mmHg = +6 mmHg

Bc the pressure is positive, filtration will occur

Front 18

At the venous end of the same capillary, Pc has decreased to 16 mm Hg, Nc remains at 28 mm Hg, Pi is 0 mm Hg, and Ni is 4 mm Hg. Will filtration or absorption occur?

Back 18

Net pressure = (16-0) - (28-4) mm Hg = -8 mmHg

Bc the net pressure is negative, absorption will occur

Front 19

Function of Lymph

Back 19

Normally theres a net filtration from capillaries into interstitial gel; excess filtered fluid is returned to circulation via lymph; lymh also returns filtered protein to circulation

Front 20

Unidirectional Flow of Lymph

Back 20

One way flap valves permit interstitial fluid but not leave lymph vessels; flow through larger lymphatic vessels is unidirectional and aided by one way valves and skeletal muscle contraction

Front 21

Edema

Back 21

Volume of interstitial fluid exceeds capacity of lymphatics to return it to circulation; can be caused by excess filtration or blocked lymphatics

Front 22

IL-6 and blood cell differentiation

Back 22

Stem cells into myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells

Front 23

IL-7 and blood cell differentiation

Back 23

Stem Cell Differentiation into Lymphoid Progenitor

Front 24

IL-15 and blood cell differentiation

Back 24

Natural Killer Cell

Front 25

Where do B cells rearange their ag receptors and where are they selected?

Back 25

Bone Marrow

Front 26

where do T cells rearrange their receptors and where are they selected?

Back 26

Thymus

Front 27

After entering through the blood, where do B cells (expressing CXCR5) migrate to in the lymph node?

Back 27

LN Follicles

Front 28

After entering through the blood, where do T cells (expressing CXCR7) migrate to in the lymph node? What about DC cells?

Back 28

Paracortex

Front 29

T Cell Activation

Back 29

NFAT = nuclear factor of activated T cells
NF-kB
AP-1

Front 30

B Cell Activation

Back 30

Front 31

Function of IL-2

Back 31

causes CD4+ TH cell proliferation

Front 32

B cell Proliferation

Back 32

Upregulated MHC II; express B7 to interact w/ TH cells; secrete low levels of IgM

Front 33

Activated B & T cell Interactions

T: reduce CCR7 expression, increase CXCR5 expression; migrate toward LN follicle
B: reduce CXCR5, increase CCR7; migrate towards LN paracortex; they meet at edge of the follicle

Back 33

CD40L (T): CD40(B) interaction + cytokines (T) stimulate B cell proliferation

Front 34

Why do lymph nodes swell?

Back 34

Germinal Center Reactions

Front 35

Germinal Center anatomy

Back 35

Mantle Zone: resting B cells that did not bind antigens from current infection
Dark zone: rapid B cell proliferation
Light zone: B cells compete to bind to follicular dendritic cells

Front 36

Describe the normal B cell antigen response

Back 36

Front 37

What is the difference in specificity and Ig isotype of a reactive lymph node and lymphoma?

Back 37