Unit 3, Ch. 7

Front 1

Macromolecules

Back 1

-Carbohydrates
-Lipids
-Proteins
-Nucleic Acids

Front 2

NUTRITION

Back 2

Process by which chemical substances
acquired from environment used in cellular activities.

Front 3

Macronutrients

Back 3

bigger and need alot
-organic molecule- Methane -(CH4)-, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Front 4

Micronutrients or trace elements

Back 4

smaller, need trace amount
-Inorganic-  Metals and their salts, gases, water

Front 5

Cell Contents

Back 5

•  70% water
•  Proteins
•  96% of cell is composed of 6 elements:
– Carbon – Hydrogen – Oxygen
– Phosphorous – Sulfur – Nitrogen
•  >50% of dry weight of bacterial cell is Carbon

Front 6

Carbon sources

Back 6

Heterotroph -bring in carbon source

Autotroph -take carbon source from w.e and use it to make food

Front 7

Energy source

Back 7

Chemotrophs -using chemical for energy source

Phototrophs - use Light for energy source

-Majority are ChemoHeterotroph- (Human) bring chem in mount and down, as carbon source and energy source
-plants are photoautotrophs

Front 8

Saprobes

Back 8

something that need a host, dead or dying

Front 9

Parasites

Back 9

Something that need a host, alive
-tapeworm

Front 10

Passive

Back 10

Energy is not required

Front 11

Active

Back 11

Energy is Required

Front 12

Temperature

Back 12

RANGE:
• Minimum temperature- Biggest detrimental impact on growth rate, getting colder
• Optimum temperature- best for growth
• Maximum temperature- fastest dying rate

Front 13

Psychrophile

Back 13

like to grow best at cold temp, Red algae in snow.

Front 14

Mesophile

Back 14

grow best at body temperature

Front 15

Thermophile

Back 15

grow best at hot temperature

Front 16

PH

Back 16

-measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. 7 is pure water
-Helicobacter- bacteria in stomach that make you full sooner

Front 17

OSMOTIC PRESSURE

Back 17

Isotonic - water is equal inside and out
Hypotonic - Water is going inside
Hypertonic - water diffuses out, process is known as Plasmolysis

Front 18

Solute
Solvent
Solution

Back 18

-a substance that creates a solution when dissolved in a solvent
-A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance
-liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)
solute+solvent=solution

Front 19

OBLIGATE AEROBE

Back 19

-requires oxygen
Pseudomonas

Front 20

OBLIGATE ANAEROBE

Back 20

-does not tolerate oxygen
-Clostridium butyricum

Front 21

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE

Back 21

-Grows better in presence of oxygen, but Does not require oxygen
-Escherichia coli

Front 22

MICROAEROPHILE

Back 22

- requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen

Front 23

AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBE

Back 23

-cannot use oxygen, grows equally well whether oxygen is present or not; ignores oxygen

Front 24

Capnophile

Back 24

– grows best at higher CO2 tensions than normally present in the atmosphere

Front 25

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

Back 25

-Obligatory, dependent; both members benefit.
-relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits other member not harmed.
-Parasite is dependent and benefits;
host harmed

Front 26

biofilms

Back 26

responsible for Over 65% of chronic infections
-cells stick to each other on a surface.

Front 27

Binary Fission

Back 27

-dna copy itself and bacterian grow longer so the dna can move far away from cell.
-bacteria cell contract in middle to divide the cell in half into two daughter cell of identical DNA

Front 28

GENERATION TIME

Back 28

– Time required for one cell to become two or double

Front 29

Budding

Back 29

-offspring grow out the body of the parent
-leave scars

Front 30

lag phase

Back 30

little growth. preparing

Front 31

log phase

Back 31

period of maximum growth will continue as long as cells have adequate nutrients and a favorable environment

Front 32

stationary phase

Back 32

cell growth equals rate of cell death caused by depleted nutrients and O2,

Front 33

death phase

Back 33

cells die exponentially

Front 34

INDIRECT

Back 34

-Turbidity***
sample take and counted on plate

Front 35

DIRECT

Back 35

-Standard Plate Count*
-Direct Observation
-Filtration, then plate count