Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
A matter is anything that has (2 things)
|
mass and volume
|
|
|
mass is? and is measured in ?
|
the amount of matter in an object, grams
|
|
|
volume is? and is measured in>?
|
the amoung of space an objet takes up, ml
|
|
|
Elements are (3 things)
|
the purest, simplest form of matter
not combined with anything else at least 109 diff. elements |
|
|
6 major elements?
|
carbon, nitrogen, hyrdrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur
|
|
|
Atoms are?
|
the basic building blocks of matter
|
|
|
the smallest portion of an element that still retains the characteristics of that element is an?
|
atom
|
|
|
each element is made up of?
|
only one type of atom
|
|
|
C
this is how many atoms of carbon? |
1
|
|
|
H2 has how many atoms?
|
2
|
|
|
atoms cannot be?
|
broken down into simpler substances by natural processes
|
|
|
What was the atomic theory and who created it?
|
All matter is composed of atoms, the smallest component of an element which retains the characteristics of that element, Dalton
|
|
|
the nucleus is the?
|
central core of an atom
|
|
|
the protons have a ?
|
positive charge
|
|
|
the nuetrons have a ?
|
nuetral charge
|
|
|
where are the protons and neutrons located?
|
in the nucleus
|
|
|
electrons have a ?
|
negative charge
|
|
|
electrons determine
|
the activity of an atom
|
|
|
electrons are located in?
|
the electron cloud
|
|
|
the protons and neutrons determine?
|
mass
|
|
|
What is an isotope?
|
a form of an element with a number of neutrons that is different than usual
ex: C-12, C-14 |
|
|
Atomic mass=
|
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
|
|
|
What is an ion?
|
a form of an element with a number of electrons that is different than usual
|
|
|
usually the number of electrons equals
|
the number of protons
|
|
|
when an electron is lost?
|
the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons leaving a positively charged ion
|
|
|
what is a positively charged ion called?
|
cation
|
|
|
When an electron is gained?
|
the number of protons is less than the number of electrons, leaving a negatively charged ion
|
|
|
what is a negatively charged ion called?
|
anion
|
|
|
If a cation is close to an anion, ?
|
they will be drawn toward eachother
|
|
|
the process where a cation and anion are drawn toward eachother is called a?
|
ionic bond
|
|
|
A chemical reaction is ?
|
the making and breaking of chemical bonds
|
|
|
a chemical bond is what holds?
|
compounds and molecules together
|
|
|
bonding is determined by?
|
electron activity
|
|
|
Chemical reactions involve changing? and turns ____ into ____
|
the properties of matter, and turns reactants into products
|
|
|
Activation energy is?
|
initial amount of energy to get a chemical reaction started.
|
|
|
the line between the reactants and the products is read as?
|
yields
|
|
|
a balanced chemical reaction has?
|
the same number of reactants on both sides
|
|
|
Dehydration Synthesis?
|
a chemical reaction which combines molecules by the removal of water
|
|
|
recognizing dehydration synthesis (2 things)
|
1. two or more smaller molecules are combined to form a larger molecule (respiration)
2. water is always leftover as an extra product |
|
|
Hyrdolysis?
|
a chemical reaction which splits molecules by the addition of water
|
|
|
recognizing hydrolysis (2 things)
|
1. a large molecules is broken down into two or more smaller molecules
2. water is used to break up the larger molecules |
|
|
What are ions?
|
an atom with a charge due to the gain or loss of electrons
|
|
|
What are ions?
|
an atom with a charge due to the gain or loss of electrons
|
|
|
electrons are gained or lost from the ? to acheive ?
|
outermost energy level to acheive stable state
|
|
|
Ionic bonds are when?
|
opposites attract
|
|
|
the strong attraction of a cationtoward an?
|
anion
|
|
|
What is a covalent bond?
|
the sharing of electrons between atoms ina compound or molecule
|
|
|
What is the purpose of a covalent bond?
|
because sometimes atoms dont have enough energy to gain or lose electrons (to become stable) so they have to share
|
|
|
what is polarity?
|
the uneven distribution of shared electrons, resulting in partial charging at either end
|
|
|
water is poloar because the electrons are not shared equally so?
|
each end has a slight charge
|
|
|
water is polar because it is attracted to other polar molecules thus
|
able to dissolve them
|
|
|
a hydrogen bond is a weak?
|
attractions between polar molecules
|
|
|
What is a compound?
|
a substance that is formed when atoms of DIFFERNT elements combine
|
|
|
A compound has different ?
|
properties than the elements that formed it
|
|
|
ex: 2 atoms of hydrogen one atom of oxygen
|
hydrogen and oxygen are gasses, water is a liquid
|
|
|
What is a molecule?
|
a particle in which atoms are held together by a connection called a covalent bond
|
|
|
Covalent bonds occur when ?
|
two or more atoms share electrons rather than trading them
|
|
|
an example of a molecule
|
Oxygen gas
O=O - 2 atoms of oxygen with two pairs of electrons shared between them |
|
|
What are isomers?
|
compounds with the same molecular formula but differet structural arrangment
|
|
|
ex of isomer
|
C6H1206= glucose, fructose, galactose
|
|
|
What is a mixture?
|
a combination in which the individual components retain their own properties, the substance does not form bonds and cannot be separated
|
|
|
What is a solution?
|
a mixture in which one or more substances is distributed evenly in another
|
|
|
ex: of solution
|
sugar dissolved in water
|
|
|
What is a suspension?
|
a mixture in which the particles of materials are temporarily mixed together
|
|
|
example of suspension:
|
sand in water will eventually settle out
|
|
|
What is a colloid?
|
a mixture in which the particles are permanently suspended as gel
|
|
|
example of a colloid
|
jello
|
