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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adams-Onis Treaty |
signed by secretary of state John Quincy Adams and Spanish minister Luis de Onis in 1819, this treaty allowed for U.S annexation of Florida. |
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Preemption |
the right of first purchase of public land. settlers enjoyed this right even if they squatted on the land in advance of government surveyors. |
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Era of Good Feelings |
a description of the two terms of president James Monroe (1817-1823) during which partisan conflict abated and federal initiatives suggested increased nationalism. |
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Missouri Compromise |
a sectional compromise in 1820 that admitted Missouri to the union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. it also banned slavery in the remainder of the Louisiana purchase territory above the latitude of 36-30. |
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward |
in this 1819 case, the supreme court ruled that the constitution protected charters given to corporations by states. |
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McCulloch v. Maryland |
this is 1819 ruling asserted the supremacy of federal power over state power and the legal doctrine that the Constitution could be broadly interpreted. |
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Gibbons v. Ogden |
in this 1824 case, the supreme court expanded the power of federal government to regulate interstate commerce. |
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Monroe Doctrine |
a key foreign policy declaration made by a president James Monroe in 1823, it declared the western hemisphere off limits to new European colonization; in return, the United States promised not to meddle in European affairs. |
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American System |
a high protective tariff to stimulate industrial growth and provide a "home market" for the farmers of the west, making the nation economically self-efficient and free from dangerous dependence on Europe. |
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Tariff of abominations |
an 1828 protective tariff, or tax on imports, that angered southern free traders. |
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trail of tears |
in the winter of 1838-1839, the Cherokee were forced to evacuate their lands in Georgia and travel under military guard to present day Oklahoma. Exposure and disease killed roughly one quarter of the 16,000 forced migrants en route. |
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nullification |
the supposed right of any state to declare a federal law inoperative within its boundaries. in 1832, south Carolina nullified the federal tariff. |
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Bank war |
between 1832-1836, Andrew Jackson used his presidential power to fight and ultimately destroy the second Bank of the United States. |
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Panic of 1837 |
a financial depression that lasted until the 1840's. |
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Second party system |
Historians' term for the national two-party variably between Democrats and Whigs. The second party system began in the 1830's with the demise of the Whigs and the rise of the Republican party. |
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Old South |
the term refers to the slaveholding states between 1830 and 1860, when slave labor and cotton production dominated the economies of the southern states. This period is also known as the "antebellum era." |
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Vesey conspiracy |
an unsuccessful 1822 plot to burn Charleston, South Carolina, and initiate a general slave revolt, led by a free African American, Denmark Vesey. |
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Underground Railroad |
a network of safe houses organized by abolitionists (usually free blacks) to help slaves escape to the North or Canada. |
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Yeoman farmers |
Southern small landholders who owned no slaves, and who lived primarily in the foothills of the Appalachian and Ozark mountains. They were self-reliant and grew mixed crops, although they usually did not produce a substantial amount to be sold on the market. |
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American Colonization Society |
Founded in 1817, the society advocate the relocation of free blacks and freed slaves to the African colony of Monrovia, present day Liberia. |
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Cotton gin |
invented by Eli Whitney in 1973, this device for separating seeds from the fibers of short staple cotton enabled a slave to clean fifty times more cotton as by hand, which reduced production costs and gave new life to slavery in the South. |
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Second Great Awakening |
Evangelical protestant revivals that swept over America in the early nineteenth century. |
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Temperance movement |
temperance moderation or abstention in the consumption of alcoholic beverages attracted many advocates in the early nineteenth century. |
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Benevolent empire |
collection of missionary and reform societies that sought to stamp out social evils in American Society in the 1820's and 1830's. |
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Cult of domesticity |
term used to characterize the dominant gender role of white woman in the antebellum period. it stressed the virtue of women as guardians of the home, which was considered their proper-sphere. |
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Perfectionism |
the doctrine that a state of freedom from sin is attainable on earth. |
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Abolitionist movement |
Reform movement dedicated to the immediate and unconditional end of slavery in the United States. |
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Seneca Falls Convention |
an 1848 gathering of women's rights advocates that culminated in the adoption of Deceleration of Sentiments demanding voting and property rights for women. |
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How did expansion affect men like John Jacob Astor?
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Expansion gave entrepreneurs like Astor the opportunity to create prosperous companies in the West.
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How did transportation affect industry and agriculture in the early nineteenth century?
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Improved land and water transportation allowed the U.S. to develop more industry and create a cash crop agricultural system.
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How did the Missouri Compromise impact the future of North-South relations in the U.S.?
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It put off major conflict to a future time. |
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Why did the Era of Good Feelings end? |
Nonpartisan cooperation could not be sustained through disagreements of how government should be involved in social and economic changes. |
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Why did the Monroe Doctrine make little impression on European powers? |
They didn't see the U.S. as a significant enough military power to feel threatened about their support of Latin American independence |
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Why was Andrew Jackson so influential in the mid-1800s? |
He was a forceful and domineering president, unafraid of breaking the Constitution to gain what he wanted |
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The most obvious indicator of the supremacy of democracy in the United States was the ________. |
development of universal manhood suffrage |
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The "corrupt bargain" was ________. |
an alleged deal whereby Henry Clay threw the presidency to John Quincy Adams in the election of 1824 in return for being named Secretary of State |
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The nullification crisis of the early 1830s ________. |
was an early indication of dangerous future divisions |
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How did hotels symbolize the American spirit in the 1820s–1840s? |
Like democracy, they were open to all white men but closed to women, blacks and Indians; they also showed how people were mobile — physically, socially, economically and politically. |
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The majority of slaves worked ________.
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as field workers |
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The leader of the 1831 slave uprising in Southampton County, Virginia, was ________. |
Nat Turner |
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What was the Underground Railroad?
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an informal network of people that helped fugitive slaves make their way to the North |
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The institution of slavery became even more entrenched in the South because of the increasing importance of ________. |
short-staple cotton |
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Why would most slaves typically prefer living and working on a plantation rather than a small farm? |
There were often better living conditions on plantations |
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What was considered the "proper" sphere for middle-class white women in the nineteenth century? |
keeping house and raising a famil |
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In addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic, mid-nineteenth-century public schools taught |
the Protestant ethic |
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Who were the main "conductors" on the Underground Railroad? |
free blacks in the North |
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What significant event occurred in 1848, at Seneca Falls, New York? |
the first national gathering of feminists |
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What was one of the results from changes in the middle-class family in the nineteenth-century? |
Children increasingly became viewed as individuals |
