Unit 3-4 Flashcards

Front 1

Helicase

Back 1

any of various enzymes that catalyze the unwinding and separation of double-stranded DNA or RNA during its replication

Front 2

Replication fork

Back 2

a Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication

Front 3

Topoisomerase

Back 3

any of a class of enzymes that reduce supercoiling in DNA by breaking and rejoining one or both strands of the DNA molecule

Front 4

DNA polymerase

Back 4

any of a class of enzymes involved in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid from its deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate precursors.

Front 5

Leading / lagging strand

Back 5

the leading strand is the DNA strand at the opposite side of the replication fork; the lagging strand In DNA replication, the strand that is synthesized apparently in the 3' to 5' direction, but actually in the 5' to 3' direction by ligating short fragments synthesized individually.

Front 6

RNA primase

Back 6

Primer made by RNA primase, which starts at a specific promoter site and goes for up to 30 nucleotides.

Front 7

Mutation

Back 7

a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome.

Front 8

Substitution

Back 8

to replace (one or more elements or groups in a compound) by other elements or groups.

Front 9

Deletion

Back 9

a type of chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is removed or lost.

Front 10

Insertion

Back 10

adding of genes

Front 11

Frameshift mutation

Back 11

A mutation in a DNA chain that occurs when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, so that every codon beyond the point of insertion or deletion is read incorrectly during translation.

Front 12

Mutagen

Back 12

a substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation.

Front 13

Carcinogen

Back 13

any substance or agent that tends to produce a cancer.

Front 14

Conjugation

Back 14

the reproductive process in ciliate protozoans in which two organisms of different mating types exchange nuclear material through a temporary area of fusion.

Front 15

Transduction

Back 15

the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another by means of a virus.

Front 16

Transformation

Back 16

the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another resulting in a genetic change in the recipient cell.

Front 17

Telomeres/Telomerase

Back 17

1.Either of the sections of DNA occurring at the ends of a chromosome.
2.an enzyme, active chiefly in tumors and reproductive cells, that causes telomeres to lengthen: facilitates cell division and may account for the immortality of cancer cells.