Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
General George Washington
|
Commander and Chief of the continental army by Second Continental Congress
never officially joined Federalist party but supported it made symbol of Federalist party |
|
|
the Battle of Saratoga
|
turning point in revolution
pro-Brtish resulted in Spain contributing to Americans start of France allying US |
|
|
the French Alliance
|
defense alliance between France and US during the revolution that promised military support incase the British attacked
|
|
|
Treaty of Paris (1783)
|
September 3, 1783
ended revolutionary war very generous towards US in terms of enlarged boundaries point was to make the US the major trading partner of British, France, and Spain Ten Articles/ Key Points Adams and Franklin and Oswald and Heartly represent us |
|
|
Articles of Confederation
|
agreement among 13 founding states that establishment of US as a confederation of sovereign states
served as 1st constitution |
|
|
Northwest Territory
|
organized incorporated territory of US
1787-1803 then became Ohio use to be Quebec (british territory) assigned to US in Treaty of Paris |
|
|
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
|
act of Congress of the Confederation passed on July 13, 1787
north and west of Ohio River, east of Mississippi River first organized territory slavery banned slight modifications under Constitution |
|
|
Trevett v. Weeden
|
Weeden wouldn't accept Trevett's money because it was paper and worthless (trivet violated state constitution)
annulled judicial review (got rid of it) creditor win, farmers lose |
|
|
Shays' Rebellion
|
1786-1787
Western Massachusetts causes: economic depression, excessive taxation and debt collection goals: reform of state government and poor wanted say in state legislation armed uprising of farmers result: rebellion crushed and problems linked to the articles of confederation spurred consideration of new Constitution |
|
|
Annapolis meeting (1786)
|
12 delegates from 5 states
called to discuss interstate commercial relations among the states not successful Madison and Hamilton urged for Philadelphia Convention |
|
|
Philadelphia Convention
|
second convention in response to Annapolis meeting that failed
12 out of 13 showed (Rhode Island sucks) revised constitution by Madison |
|
|
Virginia Plan
|
written by Madison in 1787
create new structure of government proposed at Constitutional Convention set idea for population weighted representation in the proposed National Legislature |
|
|
New Jersey Plan
|
presented by William Patterson
proposal for structure of US government at Constitutional Convention June 15, 1787 in response to Virginia Plan opposed by Madison and Randolph unicameral legislature (1 vote per state) was inherited from Articles of Confederation and said states were individual and free |
|
|
Great Compromise
|
agreement that large and small states in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under US constitution
bicameral legislature house of reps based on population senate has 1 rep per state |
|
|
Three-fifths clause
|
compromise between south and north at Philadelphia Convention
stated that 3/5 population of slaves is counted towards representation regarding distribution of taxes and appointment of members in the house of reps. proposed by Wilson and Sherman |
|
|
Abigail Adams
|
first first lady of US
believed slavery was evil and threat towards democratic experiment advocate of married woman's property rights wife of John Adams most documented of the first ladies (letters) eye witness of revolutionary war |
|
|
Bill of Rights
|
first 10 amendments
proposed to fears of anti-federalists who opposed constitutional ratification guarantee a number of personal freedom limits governments power ad reserves some for states |
|
|
federalists
|
people that supported ratification of Constitution
NOT ORGANIZED and did not stay together |
|
|
anti-federalists
|
opposed to ratification of Constitution
NOT ORGANIZED believed that position of president would evolve into a monarchy |
|
|
Federalist Papers
|
series of 85 articles and essays written by Hamilton and Madison and Jay
promoting ratification of constitution |
|
|
Hamilton's economic plan
|
BE FAT:
Bank of the United States exercise tax funding at par assumption of state debt tariff |
|
|
Hamilton's economic plan- Bank of the United States
|
charted for a term of 20 years by Congress
included a 3 part expansion of federal power exercised taxes necessary to stabilize and improve US's credit |
|
|
Hamilton's economic plan- exercise tax
|
imposed on an act, occupation, privilege, manufacture, sale, or consumption
income or property tax |
|
|
Hamilton's economic plan- funding at par
|
congress dealt with 3 kinds of government debt: international debt, domestic debt, state debt
agreed to refund foreign debt as par |
|
|
Hamilton's economic plan- assumption of state debt
|
Federal government gives taxes to states in order to pay off national debts (like war debts)
|
|
|
Hamilton's economic plan- tariff
|
a list of system of duties imposed by government or exported goods
designed to raise revenue for new government |
|
|
Jay's Treaty
|
treaty between US and Britain
credited with adverting war resolved issues remaining since Treat of Paris ended revolution completely 10 years peaceful trade between US and Briatin designed by Hamilton |
|
|
George Washington's Farewell Adress
|
A farewell letter written by George Washington, during the end of his second term.
It warned Americans of the political dangers they can and MUST avoid if they are to remain true to their values |
|
|
First Party System
|
modeled American politics used in history and political science
Federalists & Democratic-republicans |
|
|
Federalists
|
organized
political party pro-ratification of constitution organized ideology and set of beliefs |
|
|
Democratic-Republicans
|
Organized by Jefferson and Madison
Wanted to do foreign affairs with France |
|
|
XYZ Affair
|
political and diplomatic episode on 1797 and 1798
administration of Adams involved US and republican France XYZ represented each French diplomat negotiate issues that were threatening to break out in war failures of commissioning lead undeclared naval war |
|
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
4 bills passed in 1798
by Federalists during undeclared naval war with France legal to criticize government designed to silence the republican criticism and more difficult for immigrants to become citizens who were more likely to vote of the republicans |
|
|
KY and VA Resolutions
|
Took the position that the Alien acts were unconstitutional.
openly criticizing that states had the right and duty to declare unconstitutional acts of congress that were not authorized by the constitution Jefferson and Madison |
|
|
Revolution of 1800
|
between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson (federalists and republicans)
election extremely close- Constitution's 3/5 laws gave republicans majority in electoral college Jefferson won by 8 electoral votes first time there was almost a tie- house of reps had to cast a vote |
|
|
Louisiana Purchase
|
bought by US in 1803 from France
US pain 50 million franks plus cancellation of debt worth 15 million all or parts of 15 US states and 2 canadian parts |
|
|
Embargo Act (1807)
|
general embargo against Britain and France
imposed in response to violation of the US neutrality US and merchants and their cargo were seized as contraband of war by european navies |
|
|
James Madison
|
4th president
father of constitution main author of bill of rights became leader in movement to ratify constitution collaborated with Hamilton and John Jay produced Federalist Papers became leader in new House of Reps |
|
|
John Adams
|
2nd president of US
founding father salesman diplomat leading advocate of American Independence (Sons of Liberty) promoted republicanism and strong central government wrote Massachusetts constitution husband of Abigail Adams |
|
|
Thomas Jefferson
|
founding father
author of Declaration of Independence spokesman for democracy and rights of man world-wide influence served in Continental Congress and represented Virginia president of US (1801-1809) |
|
|
Henry Clay
|
dominant in both 1st and 2nd party systems
represented Kentucky in Senate and house of reps. favored war of 1812 significant role in leading nation to war 1824 ran for president and loss threw electoral votes to John Quincey fought for increasing tariffs to foster industry in US |
|
|
John C. Calhoun
|
leading politician and political theorist from South Carolina
promoted states rights and limited government, nullification, and free trade original defense of slavery republican |
|
|
War of 1812
|
32 month conflict between US and Britain
known as american revolution Us declared war because: trading restrictions, Britain continuing war with France, impressment of american sailors into Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, and American interest in annexing Canada result: defeat of Indian confederation and its support for military annexation by US of Canada and US independence |
|
|
John Marshall
|
4th Chief Justice of US
opinions basis for American constitutional law made supreme court a co-equl branch of government along with legislative and executive branches secretary of state under Adams (when president) leader of Federalist party in Virginia longest serving Chief Justice & 4th longest serving Justice in US Supreme Court most important thing: reinforced principle that federal courts are obligated to exercise judicial review |
|
|
Marbury v. Madison
|
first time Supreme Court ruled an act of Congress unconstitutional, establishing the principle of judicial review
|
|
|
McCulloch v. Maryland
|
court ruling upheld the constitutionality of the creation of the bank of the united states and denied to the states the power to tax such an institution because justice Marshall put it: 'the power to tax is the power to destroy'
|
|
|
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
|
court ruled that a state could not arbitrarily alter the terms of a contract
|
|
|
Gibbons v. Ogden
|
congress had the ultimate power to regulate interstate commerce
|
|
|
republican motherhood
|
term for attitude towards women's roles present in the emerging US before, during, and after the revolution
|
|
|
Noah Webster
|
father of the american scholarship and education
Websters dictionary (: |
|
|
Missouri Compromise
|
passed 1820
between pro- and anti-slavery factions in US congress primarily involving regulation of slavery in western territories prohibited slavery in former Louisiana territory |
|
|
Second Great Awakening
|
Protestant revival movement during early 19th century
membership rose rapidly between Baptist and Methodist congregations reaction against skepticism, deism, and rational christianity |
