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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sex ratio
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men to women per 100
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Arithmetic growth
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constant growth
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Natalism
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refers to birth (anything that encourages = pro, anything that discourages = anti)
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Ecumene
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where people live permanently in the world. About 17% of Earth's surface is occupied by people
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Total fertility rate (TFR)
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total amount of babies a woman will have in her life
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Cohort
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age range
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Age-sex pyramid
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population pyramid
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Carrying capacity
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the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, habitat, water, and other life infrastructure present. This is important because it tells how many people an area can support
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Dependency ratio
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the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in ther productive years. This is important because this tells how many people each worker supports. For example, the larger population of dependents, the greater the financial burden on those who are working to support those who cannot
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Doubling time
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the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. This is important for projecting the countries future population
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Infant mortality rate
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the annual number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births. This is important because tells how developed a country is
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Overpopulation
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the state of a population, such as the entire Earth, when it exceeds the carrying capacity
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Population projection
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a prediction of the future population in a ceratain area or the whole world
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Rate of natural increase
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the percentage by which a population grows in one year, excluding migration (CBR - CDR = NIR)
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Under-population
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having far less population than the carrying capacity; or a sharp drop/decrease in a region's population
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Crude birth rate
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the number of live births yearly per 1,000 people in a population
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Crude death rate
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The number of deaths yearly per 1,000 people in a population
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Demography
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the scientific study of population characteristics
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Demographic Transition
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a model used to represent the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system
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Replacement fertility
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when the population's fertility is just high enough to maintain its current population
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Population momentum
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refers to population growth at the national level which would occur even if levels of childbearing immediately declined to replacement level
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Malthusian
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theory that population tends to increase at a faster rate than its means of subsistence and that unless it is checked by moral restraint or disaster (as disease, famine, or war) widespread poverty and degradation inevitably result
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Density
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how many people per square km
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Thomas Malthus
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British. Around 1850. As food production rises, the population rises. Blamed poor people for having so many kids and not being able to take care of them. Too many people, not enough food
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Karl Marx
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German. Marxist, Socialist, Communist. Responds to Malthus with Communist Manifesto (book written in 1948). Problem is not the lack of resources, but the unequal distribution. Around 1850.
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Esther Boserup
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1900's. Danish. Responds to Malthus as well - backs are against the wall, we'll figure it out. Necessity is mother of invention.
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Julian Simon
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VICTORY!! He though what was happening was good news. Figure it out as it goes, but already a sign of progress.
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The Erlich's
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20th century. It's about carrying capacity and consumption. Therefore, people born in MCDs are a greater threat than LCDs.
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