Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
a group of individuals with broad com¬mon interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy
|
political party
|
|
|
theocracy a government dominated by religion
|
theocracy
|
|
|
a set of basic beliefs about lite, culture, gov¬ernment, and society (
|
ideology
|
|
|
one formed by several parties who combine forces to obtain a majority (p. 454)
|
coalition gov't
|
|
|
any political party other than one of the two major parties (p. 455)
|
third party
|
|
|
electoral district in which only one candidate is elected to each office (p. 457)
|
single-member district
|
|
|
a system in which several officials are elected to represent the same area in proportion to the votes each party's candidate re¬ceives (p. 457); used in presidential primaries to elect delegates in proportion to their popular vote (p. 467)
|
proportional representation
|
|
|
a voter who does not support any particu¬lar party (p. 458)
|
independent
|
|
|
a voting district (pp. 459,488)
|
precinct
|
|
|
a volunteer who organizes party work¬ers to distribute information about the party and its candidates and to get the voters to the polls (p. 459)
|
precinct captain
|
|
|
a large district comprised of several adjoining precincts (p. 459)
|
ward
|
|
|
committee usually composed largely of representatives from the party's county organizations (p. 460)
|
state central committee
|
|
|
a gathering of local and state party members chosen to nominate presidential and vice-presidential candidates (p. 460)
|
national convention
|
|
|
representatives from the 50 stale party organizations who run a political party (p. 460)
|
national committee
|
|
|
the practice of granting favors to reward party loyalty (pp. 256,462)
|
patronage
|
|
|
a private meeting of party leaders to choose candidates for office (pp. 134,464)
|
caucus
|
|
|
an official public meeting of a party to choose candidates for office (p. 464)
|
nominating primary
|
|
|
these were powerful party leaders that chose delegates and controlled conventions. Public reactions against these party leaders led to primary elections.
|
party boss
|
|
|
This is the method that is most commonly used today to nominate candidates, an election in which party members select people to run in the general election.
|
direct primary
|
|
|
This is one of the two types of primary elections that are held today. In this type only members of the political party can vote. Thus only Democrats pick Democratic candidate.
|
closed primary
|
|
|
In this type of primary all voters may participate, even if they do not belong to the party.
|
open primary
|
|
|
the largest number of votes in an election
|
plurarlity
|
|
|
If no candidate receives a majority, this is a second primary election between the two candidates who received the most votes in the first primary.
|
runoff primary
|
|
|
The task of the delegates is to select this item ….. candidates for president and vice president- that will win in the November election.
|
ticket
|
|
|
This is a statement of the party’s principles, beliefs, and positions on vital issues. It also spells out how the party intends to deal with these issues.
|
platform
|
|
|
Part of the difficulty in getting platforms accepted is that individual parts of the platform, these groups may divide the delegates. In 1968 a pro-Vietnam War angered democrats that wanted the US to withdraw from the conflict.
|
planks
|
|
|
the person responsible for the over¬all strategy and planning of a campaign (p. 476)
|
campaign manager
|
|
|
the mental picture of a candidate and the idea their appearance conveys (p. 476)
|
image
|
|
|
an organization formed to collect money and provide financial sup¬port lor political candidates (pp. 130,477,511)
|
political action committee (PAC)
|
|
|
money raised by a political party for general purposes, not designated for a candidate (p. 478)
|
soft money
|
|
|
the right to vote (p. 481)
|
suffrage
|
|
|
an exemption in a law for a certain group based on previous conditions (p. 483)
|
grandfather clause
|
|
|
money paid in order to vote (pp. 90, 483)
|
poll tax
|
|
|
one who is caught between conflicting elements in his or her own life (p. 493)
|
cross-pressured voter
|
|
|
one where a voter has selected candidates of his or her party only (p. 493)
|
straight party ticket
|
|
|
the use of ideas, information, or rumors to influence opinion (p. 495)
|
propaganda
|
|
|
a group of people with common goals who organize to influence government (p. 503)
|
interest group
|
|
|
a group that seeks policy goals that it believes will benefit the nation (p. 506)
|
public interest group
|
|
|
direct contact made by a lobbyist in order to persuade government officials to support the poli¬cies their interest group favors (pp. 198, 508)
|
lobbying
|
|
|
interest group representative (pp. 198, 508)
|
lobbyist
|
|
|
the ideas and attitudes a significant number of Americans hold about issues (p. 514)
|
public opinion
|
|
|
an individual's close friends, religious group, clubs, or work groups (p. 515)
|
peer group
|
|
|
means of communication, such as televi¬sion, newspapers, movies, books, and the Internet, that influence large audiences (pp. 515, 527)
|
mass media
|
|
|
a set of shared values and beliefs about a nation and its government (p. 516)
|
political culture
|
|
|
be¬lieves in limiting the role of government, except in supporting traditional moral values. believe private individuals, not the government, should solve social problems. They oppose govern¬ment limitations on businesses and believe free markets ensure the best economic outcomes.
|
conservatives
|
|
|
believes the govern¬ment should actively promote health, education, and justice. are willing to curtail economic freedom to increase equality, for example, by regu¬lating business to protect consumers. In social mat¬ters, however, they believe the government should not restrict most individual freedoms.
|
liberals
|
|
|
fall Somewhere between liberals and conservatives. For example,they may want the government to regulate business and support traditional values.
|
moderates
|
|
|
in polling, a group that does not accu¬rately represent the larger population (p. 520)
|
biased sample
|
|
|
in polling, the group of people that are to be studied (p. 520)
|
universe
|
|
|
a small group of people, typical of the universe, that a pollster questions (p. 520)
|
representative sample
|
|
|
a polling technique in which every¬one in the "universe" has an equal chance of being selected (p. 520)
|
random sampling
|
|
|
is a measurement of how much the sample results may differ from the sample universe (p. 520)
|
sampling error
|
|
|
a polling method that groups people by geographical divisions (p. 521)
|
cluster sample
|
|
|
means of communication, such as televi¬sion, newspapers, movies, books, and the Internet, that influence large audiences (pp. 515, 527)
|
mass media
|
|
|
a ready-made story government officials prepare for members of the press (p. 528
|
news release
|
|
|
a meeting during which a government official makes an announcement or explains a poli¬cy, decision, or action (p. 528)
|
news briefing
|
|
|
the release oI secret information by anonymous government officials to the media (pp. 230, 529)
|
leak
|
|
|
a visually interesting event designed to re¬inforce a politician's position on some issue (p. 529)
|
media event
|
|
|
the early leader in an election (p. 530)
|
front runner
|
|
|
the brief, frequent, positive descrip¬tions of a candidate or a candidate's major themes broadcast on television or radio (p. 531)
|
spot advertising
|
|
|
government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast (pp. 84, 371, 536)
|
prior restraint
|
|
|
false written or published statements intended to damage a person's reputation (pp. 84, 369, 536)
|
libel
|
|
|
a law that gives reporters some means of pro¬tection against being forced to disclose confidential information or sources in state courts (pp. 374, 537)
|
shield law
|
|
|
rule requiring broadcasters to provide opportunities for the expression of opposing views on issues of public importance (p. 538)
|
fairness doctrine
|
|
|
adhering to or supporting a particular party, traction, cause, or person (p. 544)
|
partisan
|
|
|
an automated e-mail notifica¬tion that provides subscribers with current informa¬tion on a topic (p. 545)
|
electronic mailing list
|
|
|
a message from an interest group to its members, calling upon them to respond immediately by telephone, fax, or e-mail to a specific lawmaker, group of lawmakers, or other official (p. 547)
|
action alert
|
|
|
a message that asks the recipient to "sign" his or her name electronically to a request that will be sent to an official (p. 547)
|
electronic petition
|
|
|
NRA
|
national rifle association
|
|
|
NEA
|
national education association
|
|
|
PETA
|
people for ethical treatment of animals
|
|
|
NAACP
|
national association for advancement of colored people
|
|
|
nomination process
|
Caucus, Open Primary, Closed Primary, Nominating
Conventions, Petition |
|
|
NOW
|
national organization for women
|
|
|
major political parties
|
republicans, democrats
|
|
|
major 3rd parties
|
Green, Libertarian, Constution
|
|
|
minor 3rd parties
|
America First, American, American Independent, Boston Tea Party, Communist Party USA, Democratic Socialists of America, Independence Party, Independent American, Labor, Moderate, Prohibition, Reform, Socialist Party,
|
|
|
voting restrictions
|
Poll Taxes,
Literacy Tests, Grandfather Clause |
|
|
voting rights ammendments
|
15- universal suffrage
19- womens suffrage 26- age to vote (18) |
