Unit 2 Test

Front 1

Rise and geography of Rome

Back 1

Twins Romulus and Remus founded Rome. City of 7 Hills. The Tiber River runs through it.

Front 2

Etruscans

Back 2

Were wealthy conquerors of Latium. Brought Indo European language , the toga, the alphabet, to Rome. Etruscan culture became Roman culture.

Front 3

Gallic /Celtic invasions.

Back 3

Peoples im France and northern Italy invaded Rome looking for wealth, and decimate the Roman army. Rome bought them off and reorganized the military into the Legionary Army.

Front 4

Plebians / Patricians

Back 4

Patricians- wealthy land owners that have political power. Plebians- the common people. Foot soldiers of Rome.

Front 5

Struggle of the Orders

Back 5

Power struggle between patricians and plebians. The plebians felt they were being used and had and walked out on the state. The patricians gave them the Tribunes in the Concillium Plebis.

Front 6

12 Tables

Back 6

Civil law placed in the forum. It emulated Greek law. Layed out rights and responsibilities and duties of the people. Criminal law, hygeine. No new rights.

Front 7

Concillium Plebis

Back 7

The Plebian Assembly created to serve their interests. A concession from the patricians gained more power over time.

Front 8

King Pyrrhus

Back 8

King of a Greek city that aided Magna Graecia in revolt against Rome. Won many battles, but lost so many men had to leave Italy. Elephants were defeated by the Roman javelins

Front 9

Beginning of the Punic wars.

Back 9

Rome and Carthage were fighting for control over Magna Graecia and Sicily. Neither could defeat the other but finally Rome took Sicily.

Front 10

Hannibal

Back 10

He took over as general of the Spanish Carthaginian soldiers. Great leader. Lays seige to one Roman province after another on his way to Rome. Overran northern Italy. Marched around the walls of Rome to scare the people. But they just sell the land he was camped on.

Front 11

Scipio Africanus

Back 11

Copies Hannibals methods of warfare. Attacked his chain of supply. Killed his brother and tossed his head into Hannibals camp which made him leave Rome. Then scipio africanus attacked area around Carthage and with the help of Numidia brought them to surrender. Embraced external cultures. Wanted a bilingual society with hellenistic values.

Front 12

Cato the Elder

Back 12

Represented the old republican ways of Rome. Paterfamilias Rome is great not because of its leaders but because of its society. Wanted to completely crush Carthage.

Front 13

Reforms of the Gracchi Brothers

Back 13

Tiberius proposed the rich keep some land and give the rest to the state after the Punic Wars to be redistributed to the poor. Gaius proposed even more radical redistribution laws based on wealth. They were both murdered.

Front 14

Populares and Optimates

Back 14

Populares are men who supported the causes of the everyday people. Optimates were the old traditional rich senators.

Front 15

Gaius Marius

Back 15

"A new man" newly rich and new to politics. Got the poor and unemployed to follow him and become his private army. Thought he should have been given the command that Sulla had so he attacked Rome to bait Sulla back to fight. Marius is defeated by Sulla.

Front 16

Lucius Sulla

Back 16

Given a command by the senate to hrad east to conquer Parthia. Sulla defeats Marius and claims a dictatorship of Rome.

Front 17

Spartacus slave revolts

Back 17

Slaves realized they had the numbers to overcome the rich so they revolt. Revolt was lead by Spartacus. The slaves became more and more popular as time goes on. Pompey and Marcus Crassus put down the revolt.

Front 18

Pompey

Back 18

Military leader brought in whole eastern frontier of the Mediterranean under Roman control. One of the First Triumvirate. Married to Caesar's daughter. Lost civil war against Caesar at the Battle of Pharsulus. Killed by the Egyptians.

Front 19

First Triumvirate

Back 19

Marcus Crassus

Pompey

Julius Caesar

Front 20

Second Triumvirate

Back 20

Marc Antony

Octavian

Lepodis

Front 21

Battle of Actium

Back 21

Octavian blockaded the coastline and Antony's men starve. The defining moment of the battles between them in Greece. Cleo and Antony flee back to Alexandria and abamdon their men. Octavian then invades Alexandria after their suicides.

Front 22

3 rulers of the Flavian dynasty

Back 22

Vespasian begins the Coliseum. Along with his son ends the first Jewish revolts. Titus vespasians son. Reigned when Vesuvius erupted. Domitian son of Titus. Makes government a military dictatorship. No democracy under him.

Front 23

Villa

Back 23

Like a capital for the provinces of the empire. You paid taxes there, signed up for the military there. Everything happens there.

Front 24

Cursus honorum

Back 24

The order of lower offices a man had to hold before he qualified to run for higher posts.

Front 25

Cornelia

Back 25

Mother of the Gracchi brothers.

Front 26

5 Good Emperors

Back 26

Augustus

Trajan

Hadrian

Antonius Pius

Marcus Aurelius

Front 27

Severan Dynasty

Back 27

Septimus Severus won the battle between military generals over control of Rome after Commodus' assassination. He was from Africa and his people were good at war. Also a military dictatorship.

Front 28

Barracks emperors

Back 28

They were not related and they lasted for short periods. Only one died a natural death. This was a period of total chaos in Rome.

Front 29

Diocletian

Back 29

Born a poor farmer. Implemented tetrarchy - the empire was split into an east and west half. Diocletian ruled the east. The rich half. Each emperor had an assistant to help govern. Saved the empire from ruin. Saw Christianity as a threat and persecuted them.

Front 30

Edict of Law

Back 30

Recognized Christianity as a legitimate religion. Provided religious freedom for them. Made persecution of Christians illegal. Instituted by Constantine.

Front 31

Theodosius

Back 31

Successor pf Constantine. Made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire.

Front 32

Bishop Ambrose & St. Jerome

Back 32

Ambrose Wrote about separation of church and state. Jerome translated the Bible to the Latin Vulgate.

Front 33

Foderati/ Federates

Back 33

Germanic people that incorporated. Into Roman society through the military. Germans were being pished into Roman territory by Atilla the hun.

Front 34

Alaric

Back 34

A foderati who led the Gothic invasion and sacking of Rome.

Front 35

Vandal Attack in 5th century

Back 35

The vandals sacked Carthage and deprived Rome of one of its major food sources.

Front 36

Last Roman Emperor

Back 36

Romulus Augustulus

Front 37

Odovacar

Back 37

A German who overthrew Romulus Augustulus. The first barbarian emperor.

Front 38

Nike Revolts

Back 38

Broke out at the chariot races. The people were sick of Justinian and rebelled. 2 factions jad joined together against Justinian. He calls them all to the hippodrome acting like he would compromise, and slaughters them all.

Front 39

Greek Fire

Back 39

Oil, resin, and sulphur mixed together that stuck to and burned enemies and enemy equipment. Was heated and shot from brass tubes.

Front 40

Saint Patrick

Back 40

Trained as a monk in Tours and returned to ireland and converted the tribal leaders there. Established his monastery in the center of the community.

Front 41

Saint Columba

Back 41

Converted the Scottish to Christianity.

Front 42

Saint Benedict

Back 42

Wrote the Regala. Rule to live. Which emphasized poverty, chastity, and obedience. In the monastic community. Laid out a clerical hierarchy. Had a flexible schedule for monks depending on the individuals skills.

Front 43

Eastern vs. Western Christianity

Back 43

Eastern- denied the existence of purgatory. Clergy could marry. Religious services conducted in all languages. Could divorce and remarry. The church was a servant of the state. West- emphasized purgatory. Clergy could not marry. Religious services held only in Greek or Latin. No divorce.

Front 44

Alimenta

Back 44

An endowment by Trajan that provided food and education for poor children of both sexes.