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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many people are estimated to have died as a result of the Black Death?
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Around 2.5 million, which is around 50% of the entire population
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Why was it so hard to estimate how many people died during the Black Death? (3)
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-Back then there was no accurate measure of counting the population and the death rate
-Rely on manorial records and bishops registers -They weren't sure of the population pre-plague |
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What percent of young and old people died approximately?
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-20% of young
-60% of old |
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Why did the high death rates of the young/elderly help explain why England recovered so quickly from the BD? (2)
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-The population was drastically reduced at both ends, but there was still a lot in the middle section that survived
-The dead weight was gone, and those important to the economy survived |
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What was the estimated death rate for lords and clergy men?
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Around 13%, much lower than your average peasant, which would explain why government did not seem to experience as much trouble
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Why was population recovery so slow after the outbreak of the Black Death? (4)
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-There were further outbreaks in 1361, 1369 and 1375
-After the original epidemics, endemics followed, which meant people were susceptible to the plague throughout the year -Tough conditions such as famine and dysentery, combined with the plague, will have made it much more difficult to recover quickly -Were people more reluctant to bring a child into the world, when they were so likely to die so soon? |
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How big an impact did the BD have on the war? (4)
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1347-56-England were superior in this period, and the was a truce after the English victories at Crecy and Calais
1356-69-English dominated, French were in turmoil and the English took advantage by launching an invasion on France with the second biggest invasion force ever 1369-81-French dominated after the Black Prince (next in line) died, and Edward III died... Succeeding king, Richard II was just 10 -BD didn't have an impact really |
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How big an impact did the BD have on taxation? (3)
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-Although the levels of tax did rise a lot towards the end of this period, this was due to the failings in the war... Not the BD
-First poll tax was introduced in 1377, meaning everyone had to pay the same, regardless of wealth -However, before the Black Death, taxing everyone the same would have been unthinkable... Only possible due to the peasants getting richer cos of the BD |
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What are the arguments to suggest the BD had a small impact on parliament?
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-They tried to carry on meeting through out 1348-81
-War truce wasn't due to the BD -Continued to fight the war throughout, and sent the second biggest invasion force ever to France -Taxing is only occurring because of the war |
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What are the arguments to suggest the BD had a big impact on parliament? (4)
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-Parliament didn't meet for two and a half years after the immediate outbreak, April 1348-November 1350
-Failed to meet during any of the major outbreaks -House of Commons grew in importance over this period -The way that people were taxed, and who got taxed, fundamentally changed due to the BD |
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How did the wages of peasants change as a result of the BD?
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Due to the population being halved, there was massive shortage in labour (more peasants died than lords died proportionally)... This meant that lords were lacking labourers to farm their land etc, and so lords became desperate and were prepared to pay the peasants higher wages (Simple demand and supply innit bruv)
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How did peasants ownership of land change as a result of the BD?
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Peasants were able to bargain with lords to get more land and farm it for themselves at a lower rent, as there was so many uncorked fields lying around the country due to the BD
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What did lords try do to each other regarding peasants as a result of the BD?
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The richer peasants tried to poach peasants from other manors by offering them higher wages
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What changed regarding peasants and their labour services as a result of the BD?
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In some places, peasants stopped doing boon work and week work, and instead gave The Lord a low payment instead (cos they had the money to)... Lords didnt complain (would have before), cos they wanted to keep the peasants on they manors
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How did the freedom of peasants change as a result of the BD?
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Peasants had more freedom of movement, as they could go and work for other lords now... Better occupational mobility
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