Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Biomechanics |
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces. |
|
|
Superior |
Positioned above a reference point. |
|
|
Inferior |
Positioned below a reference point. |
|
|
Proximal |
Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference. |
|
|
Distal |
Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference. |
|
|
Anterior (or ventral) |
On the front of the body. |
|
|
Posterior (or dorsal) |
On the back of the body. |
|
|
Medial |
Positioned near the middle of the body. |
|
|
Lateral |
Positioned toward the outside of the body. |
|
|
Contralateral |
Positioned on the opposite side of the body. |
|
|
Ipsilateral |
Positioned on the same side of the body. |
|
|
Anatomic position |
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position. |
|
|
Sagittal plan |
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves. |
|
|
Flexion |
A bending movement in which the relative angle between to adjacent segments decreases. |
|
|
Extension |
A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases. |
|
|
Hyperextension |
Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion. |
|
|
Frontal plan |
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. |
|
|
Abduction |
A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body |
|
|
Adduction |
Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body |
|
|
Transverse plane |
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves. |
|
|
Internal rotation |
Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body. |
|
|
External rotation |
Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body. |
|
|
Horizontal abduction |
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position. |
|
|
Horizontal adduction |
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position. |
|
|
Scapular retraction |
Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline |
|
|
Scapular protraction |
Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline |
|
|
Scapular depression |
Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula |
|
|
Scapular elevation |
Upward (superior) motion of the scapula |
|
|
Eccentric muscle action |
An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening. |
|
|
Concentric muscle action |
When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle. |
|
|
Isometric muscle action |
When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length |
|
|
Isokinetic muscle action |
When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion. |
|
|
Iso
|
Means the same or equal
|
|
|
Iso
|
Means the same or equal
|
|
|
Tonic
|
Refers to tension
|
|
|
Iso
|
Means the same or equal
|
|
|
Tonic
|
Refers to tension
|
|
|
Metric
|
Refers to length
|
|
|
Iso
|
Means the same or equal
|
|
|
Tonic
|
Refers to tension
|
|
|
Metric
|
Refers to length
|
|
|
Kinetic
|
Refers to motion
|
|
|
Isotonic (eccentric and concentric), isometric, and isokinetic
|
The three types of muscle actions
|
|
|
Isotonic
|
Force is produced, muscle tension developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion.
|
