Unit 2 Ch. 32 Lower Resp Pharm

Front 1

_____ are in part inherited, and 2 people with allergies should not marry.(LOL)

Back 1

allergies

Front 2

To reduce the risk of allergies and immune disease children need to ______

Back 2

dirt

Front 3

dirt has bugs that help prime the _____ system

Back 3

immune

Front 4

Children are also less likely to have allergies when they are _____ to pets at an early age

Back 4

exposed

Front 5

over ___ million Americans have asthma, _____ million are children

Back 5

20

6

Front 6

_______ is a chronic inflammatory disease.

Back 6

asthma

Front 7

During then inflammation process of asthma, a large amt of histamine is released from the _____ _____ of the resp. tract. The bronchi constrict and _____ occurs

Back 7

mast cells

edema

Front 8

Asthma attacks are often triggered by ______ or ______

Back 8

allergens

exercise

Front 9

Pts. with asthma may experience periods of _______ of sx alternating with periods of normal resp. function.

Back 9

exacerbation

Front 10

Symptoms of asthma occurring is:

Back 10

cough

wheezing

chest tightness

dyspnea

tachycardia

Front 11

What are the 2 major groups of asthma medication?

Back 11

Long term control meds

Quick relief meds

(used to treat air flow obstruction)

Front 12

Long tern control medications for asthma are the ___ line intervention

Back 12

1st

Front 13

The long term control method uses a stepwise approach, meaning that meds and frequency of administration are adjusted according to _____ of pt astham

Back 13

severity

Front 14

Long term control meds are those that reduce ______

Back 14

inflammation

Front 15

ICS

Back 15

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Front 16

Quick relief medications include:

Back 16

SABAs and oral steroids

Front 17

SABA

Back 17

short-acting Beta-2 (adrenergic) agonists

Front 18

_______ are the mainstay of treatment for many chronic pulmonary disorders.

Back 18

bronchodilators

Front 19

SABA brochodialators are used to relieve ________ assoc. with resp. disorders, like bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.

Back 19

bronchospasm

Front 20

The 2 major types of Bronchodilators are ____________ and _________

Back 20

B2 adrenergic agonsits (sympathomimetics)

xanthine derivatives (chemical compound)

Front 21

Meds used in a B2 agonist bronchodilator are:

Back 21

albuterol (Proventil) (SABA)

epinephrine (Adrenalin) (SABA)

salmeterol ( Serevent diskus) LABA

Front 22

Long acting B2 agonist

Back 22

LABA

Front 23

_____ ______ stimulate CNS to promote beochodilation

Back 23

Xanthine Derivatives

Front 24

Examples of a Xanthine derivative is

Back 24

theophylline (Theo-Dur)

Front 25

_______ Bronchodilators open the bronchi and allow more air to enter the lungs, which completely relieves the resp. distress

Back 25

Sympathomimetic or Short acting B2 agonist

Front 26

Albuteral or Proventil can be administed by

Back 26

po via inhaled or nebulizer

Front 27

epinephrine or Adrenalin can be administered by:

Back 27

po (inhaled)

SQ

IM

Front 28

Salmeterol and Serevent Diskus can be administered by

Back 28

PO (inhaled)

Front 29

_________ or Serevent diskus are long acting inhaled bronchodilators that require ______ inhalations BID with 12 hours b/t treatments, and they are not used to tx acute asthma sx,

Back 29

Salmeterol

Front 30

If salmeterol is used to prevent EIB (exercise induced bronchospasm it needs to be taken at least ____ min before exercise

Back 30

30

Front 31

epinephrine or ________ can be administed SC for acute bronchospasms, is a potent drug that is measured in _____ on a mL

Back 31

Adrenalin

10th

Front 32

The therapeutic effect of epinephrine can take effect in ___ min and last up to ____ hours

Back 32

5

4

Front 33

You can use sympathemimetic bronchodilators for _____ assoc. with acute and chronic asthma, Brochial asthma, EIB, ______, emphysema, and other obstructive pulmonary disease

Back 33

bronchospasms

bronchitis

Front 34

the adverse reactions that can affect the CNS while using a Sympathomimetic bronchodilator are:

Back 34

HA and flushing

tachycardia

palpations

nervousness

anxiety

hyopertension

insomnia

Front 35

Xanthine derivatives can also be called

Back 35

Methylaxanthines

Front 36

The Xanthine derivatives are used for symptomatic relief and/or _______ of bronchial asthma

Back 36

brochospasms

Front 37

Xanthine Derivatives can reverse bronchospasms assoc. with chronic _______ and ______

Back 37

bronchitis

emphysema

Front 38

Adverse reactions to a Xanthine derivative in the CNS may cause:

Back 38

restlessness

irritability

HA

Nervousness

Tremors

Front 39

Adverse reactions to a Xanthine derivative in the Cardiac or Resp System are:

Back 39

Tachycardia

palpations

electrocardiographic changes (ECG)

increased resp

Front 40

Other reactions that Xanthine Derivatives may cause are :

Back 40

NV

fever

Hyperglycemia

flush

alopecia

Front 41

When taking Xanthine Derivatives avoid foods containing _____

Back 41

xanthine

Front 42

________ is initially administered with a loading dose(higher 1st dose) to bring blood levels to a therapeutic level more quickly

Back 42

Theophyllinization

Front 43

When administering theophylline, a nurse must:

Back 43

Observe for toxicity

Front 44

Sx of toxicity for thephylline will include

Back 44

anorexia, NV, diarrhea, confusion, adnormal cramping, HA, restlessness, insomnia, arrthymias, or seizures

Front 45

A therapeutic level for thephylline

Back 45

10-20 mcg/mL

Front 46

Cholinergic blocking drugs are used in a bronchodilator for ____ ______

Back 46

chronic conditions

Front 47

A cholinergic blocking drug will block the action of _______ by relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchi (causing dilation)

Back 47

acetylcholine

Front 48

Cholinergic blocking drug example is:

Back 48

ipratropium (atrovent)

Front 49

Cholinergic blocking drugs are used for bronchospasms assoc. with:

Back 49

COPD

Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

Front 50

Cholinergic blocking drugs can be administered by ____, ____, _____ and relieve acute symptoms

Back 50

inhaled

nebulizer,

nasal spray

Front 51

Anti - Asthma drugs are what type of asthma medication

Back 51

Long term control

Front 52

____ are used in the management and prophylactic tx of the inflammation process associated with chronic asthma or allergic rhinitis

Back 52

Corticosteroids

Front 53

Corticosteroids are the most ______ long term med at all steps of care for asthma and most often are given by ______

Back 53

effective

inhalation

Front 54

Corticosteroids are given by inhalation and will act to _____ the inflammatory process in the airways of the pt with asthma. It will reduce the # of _____ cells in the airway and block reaction to allergens

Back 54

decrease

mast

Front 55

example of a corticosteroid is:

Back 55

budesonide/ Pulmicort

Front 56

What are some adverse reactions that may occur using a corticosteroid?

Back 56

Resp. reactions: Throat irritation, hoarseness, fungal infection of mouth and throat

Other: vertigo, HA

Front 57

Cromolyn (Intal) is a mast cell _____

Back 57

stablizer

Front 58

What are the anti-asthma drugs?

Back 58

corticosteroids

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

mast cell stabilzers

Front 59

Example of a leukotriene receptor antagonist is:

Back 59

montelukast sodium (Singulair)

Front 60

montelukast ______ leukotriene receptor sites in the resp tract. (substance released by body's mast cells during ______)

Back 60

inhibits

inflammation

Front 61

The uses for montelukast is for ______ and tx of chronic _____ in adults and children (12 months and older)

Back 61

prophylaxis

asthma

Front 62

______ are primarily responsible for bronchoconstriction and triggered by allergens and exercise

Back 62

Leukotrines

Front 63

Montelukast is not given during an _____ attack because it may make it worse

Back 63

acute

Front 64

Some adverse reactions in the CNS to montelukast (singulair) are :

Back 64

HA

Dizz

Front 65

Some adverse reactions for montelukasts in the GI are:

Back 65

dyspepsia (epigastric discomfort)

abdominal pain

Front 66

some adverse reactions for montelukasts in the resp. tract are:

Back 66

flu-like sx and cough

Front 67

Singulair should be taken once daily in the ______

Back 67

evening

Front 68

_____ _____ ______ are thought to stabilize the mast cell membranes, possibly by preventing CA ions from entering mast cells, thus preventing the release of inflammatory mediators (histamines and leukotrines

Back 68

mast cell stabalizers

Front 69

example of mast cell stabilizer:

Back 69

cromolyn. Nasalcrom (nebulizer or spray)

Front 70

Mast cell stabalizers are used in combination with other drugs in the tx of ____ and _____ disorders, including allergic rhinitis (nasal solution) and to prevent _____

Back 70

asthma

allergic

EIB

Front 71

Mast cell stabilizer may be added to _____ regime if needed and needs to be discontinued ______

Back 71

ICS

gradually

Front 72

the main adverse reactions to mast cell stabilizers includes

Back 72

Ha

Dizz

hypotension

Front 73

Other adverse reactions to mast cell stabilizers may include

Back 73

N

fatigue

unpleasant taste sensation

nasal and throat irritation given intranasal or by inhalation

Front 74

When assessing apt taking lower resp. system drug, a nurse should

Back 74

Vitals before tx with bronchodilator or anti-asthmas drug

Note any dyspnea, cough, wheeze, noisy respirations, or use of accessory muscles

Front 75

During an ongoing assessment for pt taking lower resp system drugs, a nurse should

Back 75

assess resp status Q4h or more as needed

record I and O

report imbalance

after admin, observe pt. for effectiveness

Front 76

When promoting optimal response to therapy of pt. taking a lower resp. drug for an acute bronchospasm

Back 76

administer epinephrine SC.

effects from 5 min to 4 hours

Front 77

When promoting response to therapy of pt taking lower resp. drug for acute resp. sx?

Back 77

Rapid theophyllinization using one of the xanthrine derivatives may be required

monitor for toxicity

report levels (less than 20 mcg/mL)

Front 78

When giving theophylline or aminophylline through IV a nurse should:

Back 78

monitor pt for hypotension, cardia arrthymias, and tachycardia

Front 79

When pts, are taking corticosteroids, a nurse should administer ______ first, and then several minutes later administer ______ inhalant. The rationale is that it will open the airway to get the steroid absorbed.

Back 79

bronchodilator

corticosteroid

Front 80

When administering 2 inhalations of the same drug, it is advisable to wait ____ min b/t puffs

Back 80

1

Front 81

When a child is taking an oral corticosteroid or higher inhalant doses, the slower ______ rate may occur, and especially should be monitored during ______

Back 81

growth

puberty

Front 82

_______ may be caused by a pts dyspnea or action of sympathomimetic drug

Back 82

anxiety

Front 83

Reassure the pt that the drug being administer will likely soon relieve _____ _____

Back 83

resp. distress

Front 84

All pts. need to be closely monitored particularly ___ and ____

Back 84

BP and P

Front 85

A pt with N should be offered frequent ______ rather than 3 large meals, providing a more pleasant, relaxed atmosphere

Back 85

meals

Front 86

_____ can be minimized if the pt remains in an upright position and sleeps with head over his body.

Back 86

heartburn

Front 87

A nurse should have a pt take frequent sips of ____, rinse mouth, suck on sugar candy, or chew gum to alleviate unpleasant _____ caused by anti-asthmatic drugs

Back 87

water

tastes

Front 88

when a pt has impaired oral mucous membranes, a nurse should instruct the pt to use ____ ____, clean the _____, and use proper technique to decrease incidence of candida albicans and help soothe the throat.

Back 88

oral hygiene

inhaler

Front 89

When a pt has ineffective airway clearance during an acute bronchospasm, a nurse should:

Back 89

monitor BP, P, RR

response to drug Q5 to 15 min until stabile and resp distress is relieved

Front 90

When educating pt taking lower resp drug, a nurse should

Back 90

Explain use of inhaler and admin or bronchodilator

review instruction sheet with pt

teach how to read peak flow meter and when to call doctor

Front 91

While evaluating pt on lower resp drugs, a nurse will need to:

Back 91

ensure effect is achieved, breathing easier and effective

pt has adequate nutrition

oral mucous membranes are intact

airway maintained

anxiety managed

adverse reactions ID, reported and managed

Pt understands and will comply

Front 92

A____ ____ _____ monitors their lung function at home

Back 92

Peak flow meter