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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the death rates of priests like?
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Some suggest that they had the highest death rates in society, as priests had to go visit the ill all the time, and so caught the disease
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What was the problems with the new priests? (2)
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-They were criticised for being illiterate and poor priests in general
-The new priests were rushed into the job, as demands were so high, and so they weren't trained well enough... Standards fell |
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What was a 'good death'?
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It was a death that was prepared and ceremonial... There would be a service with families and friends attending, and the last rites would be spoken by a priest
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What was a 'bad death'?
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It was one where the person was not prepared for their death, with no ceremony carried out or last rites read by a priest
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Why did the plague cause there to be so many more bad deaths?
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Too many people were dying, and there weren't enough priests to be at the bedside of every person who died
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Did priests try hard to see they made as many deaths 'good' as they could? (3)
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-Most priests tried to continue attending as many as they could, but there weren't enough, and they were often overwhelmed
-Some priests became greedy and demanded high fees in order for them to carry out the last rites -Some priests deserted their towns in pursuit of safer and more lucrative territory, carrying out ceremonies for the rich |
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Why was a good death so important to the medieval population?
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They had been raised on the idea that a good death is absolutely vital to avoid the pains of purgatory and hell... They were absolutely terrified about it
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What did the bishop of Bath do in January 1349 as a response to the good/bad death crisis?
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He suggested, as a radical short term solution, that, if no priest was present, a dying man could confess to anyone, or even pray themselves and maybe avoid hell...only a short term idea that was aimed at appeasing the terrified public (did not carry on for long)
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What did some of the richer citizens do in a response to the good/bad death crisis?
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They set up burial clubs (Corpus Christi) in order to achieve a good death
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What were the death rates like for nuns and monks?
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Around 33% of them died
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What happened to the standards of nuns and monks due to the BD? (3)
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-As with priests, desperation to maintain numbers led to unsuitable recruits and training, and so standards fell
-This was a big problem, as some were already blaming the church for the plague, so the poor standards wipers ended this -Temptation for monks and nuns to do things they wouldn't normally do... |
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What happened to trade 1348-81? (3)
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-It fell a lot
-This was partly due to the fear of spreading and contracting the plague -However, this decline had begin pre-1348 for other reasons |
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What happened to the wool industry? (5)
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-Wool was England's most important trade, but it had been declining pre-1348, and this continued through 1348-81
-However, the decline had been happening mainly due to reasons unconnected with the plague... -Sheep farming was not effected by labour shortages, as it was not labour intensive -A major factor was that the governments continued interference, demanding more and more tariffs to fund the failing war in France -Also, the continued growth of the cloth making industry (as the peasants were richer, and so could afford better goods) meant that cloth was being desired rather than wool |
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What happened to the trade of luxury goods?
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By the end of the period, the trade for luxury goods had fallen, due to the reduced incomes, and the fear of importing from foreign countries
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How did domestic trade change in the years 1348-81?
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-It increased, as peasants and labourers demanded more goods, and a better diet, as they has more money
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How big an impact did the Black Death have on trade?
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The Black Death is a catalyst for the changes in trades, as the problems/changes were already ongoing, and the BD exacerbated the issues
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What was the problem of analysing the effect of the Black Death on towns? (2)
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-It was very difficult, as towns were not run like manors, the people were usually free, and so we don't have lords records
-Although the poll tax records provide the first detailed nationwide survey of towns, it is tough to measure the impact of the Black Death, as we do not have a pre-1348 comparison |
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Why were towns hit worse than rural areas during the epidemics?
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Due to the unhygienic, cramped conditions, and the fact that trade regularly arrived in the towns (spreading of the disease much faster)
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What happened to the overall population of towns during 1348-81? (2)
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-The population in towns reduced, the low immigration into towns was not enough to make up for the amount of deaths
-Especially as the peasants and labourers were experiencing better times in rural areas due to the plague, so they were less likely to move to towns |
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How many new towns were built 1348-81?
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-NONE... This was a continuation however from 1300
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What was the traditional measure of a towns economic vitality in the 1300's?
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Usually, the size of the town's population was the best indicator of its economic vitality
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What arguments are there to suggested that towns and benefited from the plague?
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-The Black death got rid of lots of young and old people that Did little to add to the towns economic vitality
-The greater demand for goods from peasants meant that towns and their markets benefited |
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What arguments are there to suggest that towns were worse off as a result of the Black Death? (4)
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-There weren't enough people in towns to sustain demand for goods and services
-There were a lack of people to feel necessary jobs -Remaining townsfolk had to pay higher taxes, as taxes were set as a lump sum, so the same amount of money was needed, with less people to provide it -Towns were hit by the decline of the luxury trade |
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Why was it so difficult to generalise about towns? (3)
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-Every town was unique… They were each heavily influenced by its own situation, with different things happening in each town up and down the country
-Eg, Yarmouth, a prominent salted herring town pre-1348, suffered massively, and the BD had a huge negative impact on the town, as the skilled workers who got the salt died, which meant salt prices increased (S lbr)... And peasant wanted better food anyway -Eg, London/York flourished because of it, as they were focal points of the increasing domestic trade |
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How far did the Black Death cause linguistic change 1348-81? (3)
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-English became the main language of government, rather than Latin or French
-The English Bible was published in 1382 -Can be seen a symbol of the breaking down of the feudal reaction... Power to the people and all that jazz |
