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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydromorphone,Morphine, Methadone Hydrochloride, OxycodoneHydrochloride |
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Agonist- agonist-antagonist-antagonist of the pain receptors. ADVERSE EFFECTS: Constipation, nausea & vomiting, Sedation and mental clouding, respiratory depression Subacute overdose INDICATIONS: Alleviate moderate to severe pain Contraindications: Drug allergy & Asthma |
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Naloxonehydrochloride |
MECHANISM OF ACTION:Opioid Antagonist
Adverse Effects:Opioid withdrawal syndrome INDICATIONS:Opioid induced respiratorydepression Contraindications:Patients allergic to Naloxonehydrochloride |
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Acetaminophen |
MECHANISM OF ACTION:Blocks peripheral painimpulses by inhibition ofprostaglandin synthesis ADVERSE EFFECTS:Nephrotoxicity &hepatotoxicity
INDICATION:Mild to moderate pain andfever CONTRAINDICATIONS:Drug allergy and severe liverdisease |
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Temazepam, Diazepam
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Depresses activity in the centralnervous system
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Drowsiness,nervousness,cognitiveimpairment and lethargy INDICATIONS:Sedation, relief of agitation,anxiety CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergies, narrow angle glaucomaand pregnancy |
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(ambien) Zolpidem
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Short actingnonbenzodiazepine
ADVERSE EFFECTS:sleepwalking INDICATIONS:insomnia CONTRAINDICATIONS:allergy |
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phenobarbital
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:CNS Depressants
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Drowsiness, lethargy,hangover, paradoxicalrestlessness and excitement INDICATIONS:Ultrashort acting anesthesia,control of convulsions CONTRAINDICATIONS: Allergy, pregnancy, respiratorydifficulty, kidney or liverdisease |
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Cyclobenzaprine
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Affects the CNS
ADVERSE EFFECT:Lightheadedness, dizziness,drowsiness and muscleweakness INDICATION :Relief of painfulmusculoskeletal conditions ex:muscle spasms CONTRAINDICATION:Allergy |
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Carbamazepine-Iminostilbenes, Phenytoin-hydantoins, Gabapentin, Valproic Acid,(Phenobaribital) Amphetamine
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Movement of sodium, potassium, calcium andmagnesium to decrease excitability
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Dizziness and drowsiness INDICATIONS:Prevent or control seizure activity CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergy and pregnancy = anti-epileptic |
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Methylphenidate ( ridalin) |
MECHANISM OF ACTION:Stimulate areas of the brain associated with mentalalertness
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Increased heart rate, blood pressure, angina, tremors INDICATION:ADHD & Narcolepsy CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergy and cardiac structure abnormalities |
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(Antimigraine) Sumatriptan
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Triptans stimulate 5HT receptors in cerebral arteries,causing vasoconstriction and reducing or eliminatingheadache symptoms.
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Tingling, flushing, warm sensationFeeling congested in the head and chestNausea, vomiting, dizziness INDICATIONS:Relief of migraine headaches CONTRAINDICATION:Allergy and cardiovascular disease |
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Caffeine
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:relaxation of smooth muscle in the respiratory tract,dilation of pulmonary arterioles, and stimulation ofthe CNS in general.
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Stimulation of gastric secretions, reflex tachycardia,warmth and flushing INDICATIONS:Neonatal apnea and Respiratory depression that isdrug induced CONTRAINDICATIONS:Drug allergy, peptic ulcer and cardiovascularconditions |
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(Antiparkinson) Carbidopa-levodopa
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Increases brain levels of dopamine
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension and musclecramps INDICATIONS:Restores dopaminergic activity with Parkinson’s CONTRAINDICATIONS:Angle closure glaucoma, Activates melanoma |
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Benztropine mesylate
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Tachycardia, disorientation, dry mouth, urinaryretention INDICATIONS:Parkinsons CONTRAINDICATIONS:allergy |
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benzodiazepine, Alprazolam, lorazepam
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Decrease anxiety by reducing over activity of the CNS
ADVERSE EFFECTS:CNS depression, hypotension, sedation INDICATIONS:Anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, insomnia, muscle spasms,depression and seizure disorders. Contraindications:Drug allergy, pregnancy and narrow-angle glaucoma |
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lithium
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Alters sodium ion transport in the nerve cells whichcauses a shift in catecholamine metabolism
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Gastrointestinal discomfort, tremor, confusion,somnolence, seizures, cardiac dysrhythmia INDICATIONS:Bipolar illnesses CONTRAINDICATIONS:Dehydration, sodium imbalances , major renal andcardiovascular disease |
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Amitriptyline(tricyclics), Fluoxetine (SSRI)
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Tricyclics: correct imbalance in neurotransmitterconcentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine at thenerve endings in the CNS ADVERSE EFFECTS: Tricyclics: sexual dysfunction, altered blood glucoselevels, orthostatic hypotension, sedationSSRI: dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction INDICATIONUsed to be used to treat depression now the use is forneuropathic pain syndromes and insomnia CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergy, pregnancy and use of MAOIs within theprevious 14 days |
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bupropion (Second generation antidepressants)
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Dizziness, headache, sedation, tachycardia INDICATIONS: depression CONTRAINDICATIONS:Seizure disorder, allergy |
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Opioids
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Reduction of pain sensation
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting Indications:Relieve pain, reduce cough, relieve diarrhea andinduce anesthesia CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergy, pregnancy,asthma |
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Stimulants
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Central nervous system stimulation
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Syncope(fainting), palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias INDICATIONS:ADHDReverse fatigue and sleepNarcolepsy CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergy, cardiovascular and hypertension |
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Depressants
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Inhibits nerve transmission in the central nervoussystem
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Sedation, dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms INDICATIONS: Relieve anxiety, induce sleep and prevent seizures CONTRAINDICATIONS: Allergy, dyspnea, narrow angle glaucoma |
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Epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Refer to table on previous slide
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Headache, restlessness, excitement and insomnia,hypertension and increased heart rate INDICATIONS:Refer to table on previous slide CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergy and hypertension |
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Alpha Blockers
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Interrupt stimulation of the sympathetic nervoussystem
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Hypertension, dizziness, headache and constipation INDICATIONS:Hypertension CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergy, peripheral vascular disease, hepatic and renaldisease, coronary artery disease, peptic ulcer andsepsis |
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(Beta- Blockers) Atenolol, labetalol, metroprolol
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation of thebeta adrenergic receptors.
ADVERSE EFFECTS:Bradycardia, depression, impotence, constipation andfatigue INDICATIONS:Angina, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias,hypertension and heart failure CONTRAINDICATIONS:Allergy, pregnancy, heart failure, bradycardia,pulmonary disease |
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Bethancol (direct- acting drugs), Donepezil (Indirect-acting drugs)
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MECHANISM OF ACTION:Stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system ADVERSE EFFECTS:Syncope, hypotension, reflex tachycardia,hypertension and bradycardia INDICATIONS:Direct Acting: increased bladder and GI tract tone andmotility. Indirect- acting: cause skeletal muscle contractionIncreases acetylcholine in the brain CONTRAINDICATIONS:Drug allergy, gastrointestinal or genitourinaryobstruction |
