Unit 10 People

Front 1

Vladimir Lenin

Back 1

Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (Russian Revolution)- leader of the Communists- first leader of the USSR

Front 2

A. Mitchell Palmer

Back 2

Attorney General- early 1920s- led the "Red Scare"- the "Palmer Raids" deported radicals (ex: Emma Goldman on the Buford)

Front 3

Calvin Coolidge

Back 3

Governor of Massachusetts (Rep) who crushed the Boston Police Strike --> Harding's V.P.- became POTUS after Harding's death in 1923- POTUS (1923-1929)- laissez-faire/pro-business polices- "The Business of America is Business"

Front 4

Sacco and Vanzetti

Back 4

Two Italian anarchists who were accused and convicted for murder (1920) in Massachusetts- their guilt is still debatable

Front 5

Madison Grant

Back 5

Believer in eugenics and immigration restriction- author of "The Passing the Great Race" (1915)

Front 6

D.W. Griffith

Back 6

Innovative filmmaker- directed "The Birth of a Nation"- the film that sparked the rise of the 2nd KKK

Front 7

Al Capone

Back 7

Chicago bootlegger who best personified the organized crime that came with Prohibition

Front 8

Billy Sunday/Aimee Semple McPherson

Back 8

The two most notable Protestant fundamentalists of the 1920s

Front 9

John T. Scopes

Back 9

Unassuming biology teacher in Dayton, TN who broke the state's Butler Law which prohibited the teaching of evolution- Scopes Monkey Trial

Front 10

Clarence Darrow

Back 10

The most famous defense attorney of the 1920s- defended John T. Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial (1925) because he opposed the fundamentalist attacks on science

Front 11

William Jennings Bryan

Back 11

Populist leader, anti-imperialist, resigned as Wilson's Secretary of State after the Lusitania, became the leading spokesman of the Protestant fundamentalists- came to Dayton to prosecute Scopes as an "expert" on the Bible- died shortly thereafter

Front 12

Warren G. Harding

Back 12

Republican- won the presidency in 1920- "A Return to Normalcy"- his administration was known for scandal (ex: Teapot Dome)- died shortly in 1923 before many of them broke, isolationist foreign policy

Front 13

Andrew Mellon

Back 13

Secretary of the Treasury for the Republican presidents of the 1920s- believed in supply-side economics (trickle-down economics) that favored the wealthy and business (ex: tax cuts on the rich and the benefits would trickle down to the rest of the population)

Front 14

Albert B. Fall

Back 14

Secretary of the Interior for Harding- very involved in the Teapot Dome Scandal when he illegally leased oil reserves set aside to the Navy to private business

Front 15

Herbert Hoover

Back 15

Self-made millionaire who had been orphaned at an early age, Secretary of Commerce for Harding and Coolidge, known as the Great Humanitarian for his role feeding Europe during WWI, defeated Al Smith in 1928, president during the Stock Market Crash and Great Depression, Bonus March, resoundingly defeated by FDR in 1932

Front 16

Al Smith

Back 16

"The Happy Warrior"- Democratic candidate for president in 1928- crushed by Hoover because he was a Catholic and a "wet"

Front 17

Bruce Barton

Back 17

Author of "The Man Nobody Knows"- which argued Jesus Christ was the greatest advertising agent of all time

Front 18

Henry Ford

Back 18

Automobile tycoon who mass-produced cheap automobiles using the assembly line- made the Model T. affordable for the masses

Front 19

Alfred P. Sloan

Back 19

Executive of General Motors, differed from Ford because he introduced payment plans and different models/colors of automobiles

Front 20

Sigmund Freud

Back 20

Austrian psychologist who emphasized the role of sexuality on human behavior, controversial

Front 21

Margaret Sanger

Back 21

Champion of the birth control movement

Front 22

Babe Ruth

Back 22

"The Sultan of Swat", "the Big Bambino"- the greatest baseball player of all time- New York Yankee- his HR recorded lasted until the 1970s

Front 23

Charles Lindbergh

Back 23

1st man to fly solo across the Atlantic from NYC to Paris aboard "The Spirit of St. Louis" (1927)- perhaps the most famous man of the 1920s

Front 24

Louis Armstrong/Jelly Roll Morton

Back 24

The most famous jazz musicians of the 1920s

Front 25

W.C. Handy/Robert Johnson/Bessie Smith

Back 25

The most famous Blues musicians of the 1920s

Front 26

Langston Hughes

Back 26

Most prominent black author of the Harlem Renaissance- ex: "The Weary Blues"

Front 27

Ernest Hemmingway

Back 27

Author of the Lost Generation- wrote "The Sun Also Rises" (1926), "A Farewell to Arms" (1929), and "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1940)

Front 28

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Back 28

Author of the Lost Generation- wrote "This Side of Paradise" (1920) and "The Great Gatsby" (1925)

Front 29

William Faulkner

Back 29

Southern author of the 1920s-1930s from Mississippi- author of "The Sound and the Fury" (1929) and "Absalom, Absalom" (1936)

Front 30

Sinclair Lewis

Back 30

Critic of small-town, middle class life in the 1920s- author of "Main Street" (1920) and "Babbitt" (1923)

Front 31

H.L. Mencken

Back 31

Satirist- editor of the "Baltimore Sun"- famous for his satire of the Scopes Monkey Trial

Front 32

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Back 32

POTUS during the Depression- New Deal. Polio. Longest serving POTUS (1933-1945). His presidency saw the largest increase in the size of the government (New Deal and WWII). Foreign policy- kept the U.S. out of WWII until Pearl Harbor, did a masterful job of managing the WWII effort

Front 33

John Maynard Keynes

Back 33

British economist who believed in deficit spending to stimulate the economy during the Depression, his name became synonymous with this idea- "Keynesian economics"- the philosophy behind FDR's New Deal philosophy

Front 34

Harry Hopkins

Back 34

Prominent member of FDR's inner-circle, head of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and other New Deal agencies

Front 35

Upton Sinclair

Back 35

Socialist who wrote "The Jungle" (1906)- unsuccessfully ran for governor of California during the Great Depression- under his "End Poverty in California" (EPIC) campaign which had socialist goals

Front 36

Dr. Francis Townsend

Back 36

Critic of FDR who called for a plan to help older people by giving them $200 a month provided they spend it- basically called for Social Security

Front 37

Father Charles Coughlin

Back 37

Critic of FDR who wanted to nationalize the banks- initially a supporter of the New Deal but used his radio sermons to attack the New Deal. Pulled for the air for his anti-Semitic rants

Front 38

Huey P. Long

Back 38

Louisiana politician and critic of FDR and the New Deal- Share Our Wealth program to redistribute wealth so "every man can be a king"- nicknamed the "Kingfish"- assassinated in 1935 before he could run for POTUS in 1936

Front 39

John L. Lewis

Back 39

Labor leader- head of the United Mine Workers, broke away from the American Federation of Labor to found the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)- emphasized industrial unionism- that all workers of a particular industry (ex: steel) organized regardless of skill

Front 40

Frances Perkins

Back 40

1st woman to serve in a cabinet position (FDR's Secretary of Labor)- had led reform movements in the wake of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

Front 41

Eleanor Roosevelt

Back 41

FDR's wife- very active and was her husband's "eyes and ears" as she went constantly on fact-finding missions

Front 42

John Collier

Back 42

FDR's head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs- head of the "Indian New Deal"- emphasized Native American cultural identity and end of forced assimilation

Front 43

Joseph Stalin

Back 43

Took over the USSR after Lenin's death in 1924, extremely paranoid- eliminated rivals such as Trotsky and purges- but did rapidly industrialize the USSR- allied with the U.S./Britain during WWII because of common enemy (Hitler)- insisted on a second front being opened in France because the USSR was bearing the brunt of the war

Front 44

Benito Mussolini

Back 44

Fascist leader of Italy, invaded Ethiopia in 1935, allied with Nazi Germany during World War II

Front 45

Adolf Hitler

Back 45

Leader of the Nazi Party- took control of Germany in 1933. Called for Germany to regain areas lost in the Treaty of Versailles and gain lebensraum for Germany. The "Final Solution"- extermination of the Jews and other untermenchen, started WWII, suicide on 30 April 1945 led to quick end of the war

Front 46

Francisco Franco

Back 46

Fascist leader of Spain- assisted by Italy and Germany in the Spanish Civil War against the Loyalists. However did not ally with those two nations during WWII- remained neutral.

Front 47

Neville Chamberlain

Back 47

Prime Minister of Great Britain- known for appeasing Hitler before World War II- especially his role at the Munich Conference (September 1938)- "I have in my hand peace in our time."

Front 48

Winston Churchill

Back 48

Replaced Chamberlain as Prime Minister of Great Britain- dogged resistance against Germany during the Battle of Britain, one of the "Big 3"- most reluctant to open up a second front in France

Front 49

William Allen White

Back 49

Kansas newspaper editor- leading member of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

Front 50

Robert A. Taft

Back 50

Republican Senator- one of the leading champions of isolationism before World War II- member of the America First Committee

Front 51

Wendell Willkie

Back 51

Republican candidate in 1940- had few philosophical differences from FDR and was able to really only campaign on the fact FDR was running for a third term

Front 52

Henry J. Kaiser

Back 52

Legendary shipbuilder during World War II- "Sir Launce-a lot"- builder of "Liberty Ships"

Front 53

A. Philip Randolph

Back 53

Civil rights leader- head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters- threatened a march on Washington D.C. during WWII if FDR did not integrate defense plants --> FDR issued Executive Order 8802

Front 54

Harry Truman

Back 54

Missouri politician chosen as FDR's running mate in 1944. Became POTUS when FDR died on 12 April 1945. Met with Stalin at Potsdam (July 1945) and made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki- had to deal with the beginning of the Cold War

Front 55

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 55

Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Western Europe. Commanded the invasion of Normandy (D-Day) and the push east to Berlin

Front 56

Chester A. Nimitz

Back 56

Admiral in the Pacific- most responsible for the "island hopping" campaign across the Central Pacific to close in on Japan

Front 57

Albert Einstein

Back 57

Jewish refugee from Europe- physicist who urged the U.S. to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans could- later regretted his role because he was a pacifist

Front 58

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Back 58

Scientist who was in charge of the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb

Front 59

Leslie Groves

Back 59

Military official who was in charge of the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb