Unit 10

Front 1

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Back 1

personality

Front 2

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Back 2

free association

Front 3

Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

Back 3

psychoanalysis

Front 4

the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Back 4

psycholoanalysis

Front 5

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual aggressive drives.

Back 5

id

Front 6

operates on the pleasure principle, immediate gratification

Back 6

id

Front 7

the largely conscious "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality.

Back 7

ego

Front 8

operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Back 8

ego

Front 9

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represent internailized ideals and provides standard for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations

Back 9

superego

Front 10

the childhood stages of development, (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Back 10

psychosexual stages

Front 11

according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Back 11

Oedipus complex

Front 12

the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parent's values into their developing superegos

Back 12

identification

Front 13

according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual state, in which conflicts were unresolved

Back 13

fixation

Front 14

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Back 14

defense mechanisms

Front 15

the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Back 15

repression

Front 16

defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Back 16

regression

Front 17

defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulse into their opposites

Back 17

reaction formation

Front 18

defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Back 18

projection

Front 19

defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions

Back 19

rationalization

Front 20

defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet

Back 20

displacement

Front 21

defense mechanism by which people rechannel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

Back 21

sublimation

Front 22

defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities

Back 22

denial

Front 23

Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited, reservoir of memory traces from our species' history

Back 23

collective unconscious

Front 24

a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics

Back 24

projective test

Front 25

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings an interests through the stories the make up about ambiguous scenes

Back 25

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Front 26

the most widely used projective test

Back 26

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Front 27

a set of 10 inkblots that seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Back 27

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Front 28

a theory of death-realated anxiety

Back 28

Terror-management Theory

Front 29

explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

Back 29

Terror-management Theory

Front 30

according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved

Back 30

self-actualization

Front 31

the motivation to fultill one's potential

Back 31

self-actualization

Front 32

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Back 32

unconditional positive regard

Front 33

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

Back 33

self-concept

Front 34

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

Back 34

trait

Front 35

a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

Back 35

personality inventory

Front 36

used to assess selected personality traits

Back 36

personality inventory

Front 37

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests

Back 37

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Front 38

developed to identify emotional disorders

Back 38

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Front 39

a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that descriminate between groups

Back 39

empirically derived test

Front 40

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits and their social context

Back 40

social-cognitive perspective

Front 41

the interacting influences or behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Back 41

reciprocal determinism

Front 42

the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

Back 42

personal control

Front 43

the perception that chance or outside orces beyond your personal control determine your fate

Back 43

external locus of control

Front 44

the perception that you control your own fate

Back 44

internal locus of control

Front 45

the scientific study of optimal human functioning

Back 45

positive psychology

Front 46

aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communtities to thrive

Back 46

positive psychology

Front 47

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Back 47

self

Front 48

overestimating other's noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance and, blunders

Back 48

spotlight effect

Front 49

one's feeling of high or low self-worth

Back 49

self-esteem

Front 50

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Back 50

self-serving bias

Front 51

giving priority to one's own goals to over groups goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Back 51

individualism

Front 52

giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly

Back 52

collectivism