Unit 1 World History

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• Agricultural Revolution

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- The shift to basic crops

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• Mississippian Culture

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a loose collection of communities dispersed along thr Mississippi River from Louisiana to Illinois that shared similar technologies and beliefs

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• Cahokia

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- A huge fortification and ceremonial site in Illinois that originally rose high above the river, represented the greatest achievement of the Mississippian peoples

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• Codex Magliabechiano

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- A 16th century Spanish account of the lives of the Native Mexicans

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• Aztec

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an aggressive, warlike people

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• Columbian Exchange

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was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, and human populations

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• Renaissance

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The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times

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• New Monarchs

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Centralization of political authority

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• Reconquista

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-The armies of Castile and Aragon waged holy war against the independent states in southern Spain that earlier been captured by Muslims

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• Conquistadores

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Men eager for personal glory and material gain, uncompromising in matters of religion, and unswerving in their loyalty to the crown

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• Treaty of Tordesillas

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Divided the entire world along a line located 270 leagues west of the Azores

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• Encomienda System

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is a labor system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility

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• Protestant Reformation

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- was the European Christian reform movement that established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity

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• Predestination

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in theology, is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God

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Glorious Revolution

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was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England together with his wife Mary II of England.

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Joint-stock Company

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A business organization in which scores of people could invest without fear of bankruptcy

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House of Burgesses

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Burgess originally meant a freeman of a borough or burgh. It later came to mean an elected or appointed official of a municipality, or the representative of a borough in the English House of Commons.

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Headright

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a 50 acre lot for which they paid only a small amount of rent

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Indentured Servants

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was typically a young unskilled laborer who came to America under contract to work for an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their ocean transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities during the term of their indenture

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Mayflower Compact

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was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the colonists, later together known to history as the Pilgrims, who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower

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Puritans

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were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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Antinomianism

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is a belief or tendency in all religions that some therein consider existing laws as no longer applicable to themselves.

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Quakers

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is a name used by a range of independent religious organizations which all trace their origins to a Christian movement in mid-17th century England and Wales

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Indentured Servants

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was typically a young unskilled laborer who came to America under contract to work for an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their ocean transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities during the term of their indenture

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Mercantilism

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holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable"

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Enumerated Goods

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Tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, dyewoods, and ginger

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Navigation Acts

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were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England

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Bacon's Rebellion

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About a thousand Virginians rose because they resented Virginia Governor William Berkeley's friendly policies towards the Native Americans. When Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of Indian attacks on frontier settlements, others took matters into their own hands, attacking Indians, chasing Berkeley from Jamestown, Virginia, and torching the capitol.

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Spectral Evidence

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reports of dreams and visions in which the accused appeared as the devils agent

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Leisler's Rebellion

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was an uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which German American militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. Royal authority was restored in 1691 by British troops sent by James' successor, William III and Leisler was executed.