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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Histology |
Study of cell types |
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Cells |
Focused on one main task |
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Tissues |
Groups of cells that carry out particular function and have structural similarities |
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Organs |
Interconnected group of structures in the body that perform a particular function |
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Epithelium |
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Desmosomes |
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Hemidesmosomes |
Connect the cytoskeleton to the basal lamina, anchoring the cell to the ECM |
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Integrins |
Transmembrane receptors that are bridges for cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions |
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Tight junctions |
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Gap junctions |
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Adherens junction |
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Cadherin |
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Apical surface |
Faces the "outside" |
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Basal surface |
Faces the basement membrane |
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Basement membrane |
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Extracellular matrix |
2 main components
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Basal lamina |
Secreted by epithelial cells |
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Reticular lamina |
Secreted by underlying connective tissue |
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Regeneration |
Process of renewal, restoration and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage |
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Simple Squamous Epithelium Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Simple Columnar Epithelium Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Pseudostratified Epithelium Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Transitional Epithelium Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Respiratory System |
Biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism |
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Alveoli |
Epithelial structures made of simple squamous epithelium to allow gasses to diffuse into the bloodstream |
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Gland |
1+ epithelial cells specialized to produce secretions (enzymes, mucus, hormones, etc) |
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Goblet cells |
Specialized mucus-secreting cells |
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Duct |
Tube |
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Exocrine Glands |
Secrete their products directly into its destination usually through a duct (sweat, saliva, etc)-->goblet cells/sweat glands
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Endocrine Glands |
Ex//: Hormones |
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Interstitial Fluid |
Tissue fluid |
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Ciliated |
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Microvilli |
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Connective tissue |
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Mesoderm |
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Blood Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Bone Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Cartilage Main locations
Function
Description/Comments
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Adipose Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Ground substance |
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Collagen |
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Tendon |
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Ligament |
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Elastin |
Protein that makes up elastic fibers |
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Elastic fibers |
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Reticular fibers |
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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) |
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Hyaluronic acid |
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Glucosamine |
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Chondroitin sulfate |
Component of ECM secreted by chondrocytes |
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Proteoglycans |
Carbohydrate groups with proteins attached, some GAGs are found in proteoglycans |
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Glycoproteins |
Proteins with carbohydrate groups attached |
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Mucopolysaccharides |
Another name for GAGs when not associated with protein |
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Calcium phosphate |
Mineralizes ground substance (hydroxyapatite) |
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Hydroxyapatite |
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Loose connective tissue Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Dense connective tissue Main locations
Functions
Description/Comments
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Elastic connective tissue Main locations
Function
Description/Comments
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Reticular connective tissue Main locations
Function
Description/Comments
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Areolar tissue |
Fills gaps and spaces in loose connective tissue |
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Fibroblasts |
Connective tissue cells that produce the fibers as well as protein and carbohydrate complexes of the matrix |
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Chondrocytes |
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Lacunae |
Small cavities in the matrix |
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Osteocytes |
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Osteoblasts |
Cells with a single nuclei that synthesize bone |
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Osteoclasts |
Cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathologic conditions by increasing their resorptive activity |
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Fibrinogen |
Glycoprotein in vertebrates that helps in formation of blood clots |
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Fibrin |
Fibrous non-globular protein involved in clotting of blood |
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Red blood cells |
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White blood cells |
Defend body against disease-causing microorganisms |
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Muscle |
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Skeletal (striated) muscle
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Smooth (visceral) muscle
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Cardiac muscle
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Thermoregulation |
Process that allows the human body to maintain its core internal temperature (state of having even, internal temperature is homeostasis) |
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Muscle fiber |
Muscle cells - contain many myofibrils |
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Multinucleate |
Cells formed in development through fusion of many individual embryonic muscle cells called myoblasts |
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Intercalated disc |
Dense assemblages of gap junctions |
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Nervous tissue |
Consists of neurons and glial cells |
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Neurons |
Take in sensory stimuli, transmit signals throughout the body Ex//: Neurons tell muscle cells to contract at neuromuscular junction |
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Glia |
Support function of neurons
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Central nervous system |
In vertebrates, formed by the brain and spinal cord and it communicates with the rest of the body via the peripheral nervous system |
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Peripheral nervous system |
Portion of the nervous system that transmits information to and form the central nervous system, consisting of neurons that extend or reside outside the brain or spinal cord and their supporting cells |
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Synapse |
Junctions at which neurons communicate |
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Axon |
Transmits signals - nerve impulses - away from cell body (longer than dendrites) |
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Schwann cells |
A type of glial cell that myelinates axons in the peripheral nervous system |
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Myelin sheath |
A fatty, axon-enwrapping sheath that serves to speed up neural conduction, formed by concentric layers of Schwann's cell (peripheral) or oligodendrocyte (CNS) membranes |
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Dendrites |
Cytoplasmic extensions specialized for receiving signals and transmitting them to the cell body |
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Cell body |
Soma - part of neuron that contains the nucleus |
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Neutrotransmitter |
A substance produced in and released by a neuron (the presynaptic cell) that diffuse across a synapse and excites or inhibits another cell (the postsynaptic cell) |
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Nerve |
Consists of a great many neurons bound together by connective tissue |