Unit 1 Test

Front 1

Why do we have standards for measuring?

Back 1

Everyone has the same measurement so they can compare.

Front 2

SI Units

Back 2

Length: meter: m

Mass: kilogram: kg

Temp: kelvin: K

Time: seconds: s

Amount of substance: mole: mol

Electric current: ampere: A

Luminous Intensity: candela: cd

Kilo: 103 1000x

Hecto: 102 100x

Deca: 101 10x

Base: 100

Deci: 10-1 1/10

Centi: 10-2 1/100

Milli: 10-3 1/1000

Front 3

Conversions

Back 3

1500 = 1.5x103

Front 4

Radioactive Dating

Back 4

Radioactivity= a tendency of atoms to decay

Radioactive isotopes= beta & alpha

~With alpha decay, the nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons; with beta decay only one electron is lost

Parent isotope creats a daughter isotope

~as time passes, the # of prant isotopes decrease as the # of daughter isotopes increase

Half lives= the time it takes for half of the parent isotopes of an element to change to daughter isotopes

Radiometric decay is exponential

Front 5

Geological Time Scale

Back 5

~ a record of the life forms and geological events in Earths history

~developed by rock layers and fossils

~radioactive dating helps determine divisions in time scale

Front 6

Divsions of geological time scale

Back 6

eras, periods, epochs

Front 7

Four eras

Back 7

~Precanbrian: 88% of earths history

~Palezoic (ancient life): 544 million years ago, lasted 300 years

~Mesozoic (middle life): 245 million years ago, lasted 180 years

~Cenozoic(recent life): 65 million years ago to NOW!

Front 8

Today...

Back 8

Today, we are in the Holocene epoch of the quaternary period of the cenotzoic era.

Front 9

Palezoic era (ancient life)

Back 9

~Canbrian 1st period (age of trilobites)

~explosion of life in oceans

~most continnents were covered in warm,shallow seas

~invertabraes were dominate (trilobites)

~fish emerged during this time

~fish lead to arrival of amphibians

~end of era was the age of the amphibians

~plants= mosses, ferns, cone bearing plants

~coal forming forests formed

~limestone and coal deposits formed

~Cambrian(begining): breakup of Rodinia; (ending) formation of Pangea

~caused climate change and mass extinction

~Appilachian mnt. formed

~End: largest extinction in history 90% of maine animals & 70% of land animals died

~increaed volcanic activity

~lowering sea levels as continents rejoined Pangea

~climate change= cool climate

Front 10

Mesozoic era (middle life)

Back 10

~Beginning= Pangea formed, ending = Pangea broke

~Reptiles became most abundant life, adapted to dry climate

~skin maintains body fluids, embryos live in shells

~Dinos were very active(Triassic), LARGE

~small mamals & birds appeared

~small, warm blooded, covered in hair

~plants: gymnosperms, plants produced seeds (no flowers) --Pine trees

~ending: plants produced flowers

~ended with a mass extinction

~dinos disappeared

~caused by commit or astroid collision

Front 11

Cenozoic era (early life; age of mammals)

Back 11

~started 65 million years ago through now

~climate: warm, mild;

~whales & dolphins evolved

~mammals evolved & increased to live in differ envinments, grasses increased for food souce

~many mnt. ranges formed through rejoining

~mnt. helps cool the climate

~climate change: animals adapted to the rise/fall of the ocean

~marine animals= algae, mollusks, fish, mammals

~land animals= bats, cats, dogs, humans(3.5 million years ago)

~flowering plants most common

Front 12

Geological time scale presentations

Back 12

Archean

~earth was filled with volcanos and rock

~no oxygen, no living animals or plants

Proterozoic

~oxygen appeared: killing previos species

~earth was covered in ice and snow

~plants & animals started to appear

Ordovician

~mostly ocean & ocean animals

~mass extinctions= lowered sea level due to glaciers

~60% of sea life went extinct

~lots of ice

Pennsylvania

~ice age melted= making atmosphere thick/swampy

~all organisms were huge

~reptiles & amphibians

~coal & oil formed from all the dead plants

Permian

~Pangea connected

~ice age into deserts

~diverse of life; mammals, invertabraes, fish

Triassic

~dinos got started= big dinos

~Pangea split into 2

Jurassic

~plant eating dinos, first birds

~Pangea split, mnt. formed, atlantic ocean formed

~climate change= loss of life

Cretacous

~last & longest segment of the mesozoic

~all dinos dies after major extinction

~diversified birds

Pleistocene

~age of mammals

~alot of animals still exist today

Holocene (current)

~technology& humans

~humans causing global warming which leads to extinctions