Unit 1 Terms

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PLYMOUTH COLONY

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Plymouth Colony was a colony established in Massachusetts by Puritan Separatists.

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THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT

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This compact was written by the Plymouth Colonists and it was their first documented government.

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HEADRIGHT SYSTEM

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Heads settlers were given grants to settle on land. The Virginia Company of London gave the grants. Without the grants the colonies wouldn’t have been created.

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FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT 1639

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Adopted by the Connecticut Council. It describes the government, its structures and powers. It was the first Constitution created.

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MERCANTILISM

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Created by Europeans. The Economic theory that says that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon the supply of the capital. Economists reject mercantilism today.

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TRIANGULAR TRADE

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Between Europe, America and Africa. The 17th-19th centuries was when the trade was most active. Slaves and other goods were traded. All 3 regions got what they wanted in exchange for goods.

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THE GREAT AWAKENING

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Anglo-Americans. It was a religious revival for them. It began in the 1740s. It happened throughout the states. It was similar to the Protestant Reformation.

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IRON ACT 1750

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The British Parliament. It was a legislative measure introduced by the Parliament. In 1750 and in North America. It restricted activities both in Britain and America.

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INDENTURED SERVANTS

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Many Europeans moved to America as indentured servants. This took place in the 17th and 18th centuries. Servants worked for their masters for about 3-7 years. Servants weren’t slaves and had more respect and freedom.

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GEORGE WASHINGTON

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The first President of the United States. He was born in 1732 and lived in Virginia. He was a commander-in-chief and is one of the founding fathers of America.

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PROCLAMATION OF 1763

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King George III created this after Great Britain’s acquisition of French territories. This took place in 1763.

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SALUTARY NEGLECT

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It was an undocumented British policy of avoiding strict enforcement or parliamentary laws. The policy lasted from 1601 until 1763.

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STAMP ACT 1765

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The British Parliament. This act imposed taxes on British America. The purpose of the tax was to pay for the British troops that were stationed in America.

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STAMP ACI' CONGRESS

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Delegates of 9 from the 13 colonies met in New York. They discussed three major issues-trial by Jury, a right of self-taxation, and reducing admiralty courts.

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SONS OF LIBERTY

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American Patriots. This secret organization was started during the American Revolution. They were responsible for the Boston Tea Party.

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COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE

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Local governments created by the thirteen colonies. It was made for the purpose of coordinating written communication outside of the colony. Rallied opposition against British.

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BOSTON MASSACRE

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Five American civilians were killed in Boston. This helped spark the rebellion in British colonies.

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INTOLERABLE (COERCIVE) ACTS 1774

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The British Parliament. A series of laws to the British American colonies. Outrage and resistance was sparked in 13 colonies

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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1775

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Delegates from the 13 colonies. They had a convention that met in May 1775. The Declaration was signed in July.

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NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

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the congress of confederation.
An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance. In the colonies. Was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River

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DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

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written primarily by Thomas Jefferson. Statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. In the United States. Justified the independence of the United States by listing colonial grievances against King George III.

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COMMON SENSE

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used by everyone. Based on a strict construction of the term, consists of what people in common would agree on. In the U.S. Many philosophers make wide use of the concept or at least refer to it

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SHAYS REBELLION

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Daniel Shays. An armed up rise that happened in central and western Massachusetts. Shay’s compatriots were poor farmers. Their purpose was to have taxes and debts not exist for them.

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IMPLIED POWERS (ELASTIC CLAUSE)

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Leaders of America. Powers aren’t given to the government through the constitution but are implied. "Implied powers" are those powers authorized by a legal document which, while not stated, are deemed to be implied by powers expressly stated

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GREAT COMPROMISE

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Americans. An agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. This defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the U.S. constitution.

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Stamp Act

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A law enacted by the government that required a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents. Many colonists were upset by this.

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Declaratory Act

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An Act that the British Parliament put out to regulate the behavior of the colonists.

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Quartering Act

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The Quartering Acts were used by the British forces in the American colonies to ensure that British troops had adequate housing and provisions.

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Townshend Act

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The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay for governors and judges who would be independent of colonial control, to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations, to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act, and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies

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Boston Massacre

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an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770, the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British colonies in America, which culminated in the American Revolution.

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Tea Act

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It was an act to drawback the tea exported to America

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Boston Tea Party

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was a direct action protest by colonists in Boston. Colonists threw the tea into the bay.

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Coercive Acts

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a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America.Many colonists viewed the acts as an arbitrary violation of their rights.

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Mutiny Act

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an act passed yearly by Parliament for governing the British Army.

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Samuel Adams

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a statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a politician in colonial Massachusetts, Adams was a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and was one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States

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King William's War

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The first of the French and Indian Wars (1689–97) was the name used in the English colonies in America. It was fought between England, France, and their respective American Indian allies in the colonies of Canada, Acadia, and New England. The Treaty of Ryswick stopped the war.

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Queen Anne's War

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The second of the series of 4 wars. It was fought between England and France for control of the continent. 1702–13

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Peace of Utrecht

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a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession.

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War of Jenkin's Ear

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a conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748. It was named after Robert Jenkins who's ear had been severed.

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Paxton Boys

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a vigilante group that murdered at least twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre. 1763.

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Patrick Henry

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(May 29, 1736 – June 6, 1799) served as the first post-colonial Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779. A prominent figure in the American Revolution, he is known and remembered for his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States

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Sons of Liberty

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was a secret organization of American patriots which originated in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution

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Daughters of Liberty

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a successful Colonial American group that consisted of women who displayed their patriotism by participating in boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Townshend Acts. Using their feminine skills of the time period, they made homespun cloth and other goods to fill the good British people.

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Crispus Attcuks

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(1723 – March 5, 1770) was one of five people killed in the Boston Massacre in Boston, Massachusetts. He has been frequently named as the first martyr of the American Revolution and is the only Boston Massacre victim whose name is commonly remembered

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John Adams

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(October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American politician and the second President of the United States (1797–1801), after being the first Vice President (1789–1797) for two terms. He is regarded as one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States.

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Battle of the Alamance

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ended the so-called War of the Regulation, a rebellion in colonial North Carolina over issues of taxation and local control

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First Continental Congress 1774

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a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen British North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution

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Suffolk Resolves

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a declaration made on September 9, 1774 by the leaders of Suffolk County, Massachusetts, of which Boston is the major city. The Resolves were recognized by statesman Edmund Burke as a major development in colonial animosity leading to adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence from Great Britain in 1776, and he urged British conciliation with the American colonies, to little effect.

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Galloway Plan

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was put forward in the First Continental Congress of 1774. Joseph Galloway was a Pennsylvania delegate who wanted to keep the colonies in the British Empire. He suggested the creation of an American Colonial Parliament to act together with the Parliament of Great Britain.

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LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, APRIL 19, 1775

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were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.[8] They were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington), and Cambridge, near Boston. The battles marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies in the mainland of British North America.

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Paul Revere, William Dawes

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were dispatched by Joseph Warren to warn the countryside that the British were coming, Prescott was in Lexington to visit with Lydia Mulliken.

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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

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a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning in May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after shooting in the American Revolutionary War had begun. It succeeded the First Continental Congress. The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and moved slowly towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.

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Slavery clause in the Declaration of Independence

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Attitudes toward slavery were shifting; a clause in the Constitution protected the African slave trade only until 1808. The Northern states abolished slavery between 1780 and 1804, leaving the slave states of the South as defenders of the "peculiar institution."

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Somerset Case (in Great Britain)

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a famous judgment of the English Court of King's Bench in 1772 which held that slavery was unlawful in England

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Quock Walker case- Mass

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an American slave who sued for and won his freedom in 1780 by using language in the Massachusetts Constitution that declared all men to be born free and equal. The case is credited with abolishing slavery although the 1780 constitution was never amended to prohibit it.

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Benedict Arnold

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a general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but switched sides to the British Empire. While he was still a general on the American side, he obtained command of the fort at West Point, New York, and plotted unsuccessfully to surrender it to the British. After the plot failed, he served in the British military.

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Native Americans in the Revolutionary War

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Though a few tribes were on friendly terms with the Americans, most Native Americans opposed the United States, since native lands were threatened by expanding American settlement. An estimated 13,000 warriors fought on the British side; the largest group, the Iroquois Confederacy, fielded about 1,500 men.

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Black Americans in the Revolutionary War

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African Americans-slave and free—served on both sides during the war. The British actively recruited slaves belonging to Patriot masters. Because of manpower shortages, George Washington lifted the ban on black enlistment in the Continental Army in January 1776

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Carolina Regulators

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a North Carolina uprising, lasting from approximately 1764 to 1771, where citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials. While unsuccessful, some historians consider it a catalyst to the American Revolutionary War.