Unit 1 More Heart Scenarios

Front 1

Contractility

Back 1

the ability of the the cardiac muscles to shorten and lengthen

Front 2

Poor contractility of the heart muscle

Back 2

reduces the forward flow of blood from the heart, increases the ventricular pressure from accumulation of blood volume and reduces cardiac output

Front 3

Increased contractility may

Back 3

stress the heart

Front 4

what increases contractility of the heart? (increase heart rate)

Back 4

calcium gluconate

Front 5

PRN calcium

Back 5

for stomach/GI

Front 6

Calcium supplement

Back 6

to increase contractility and help bones

Front 7

Angiotensin/Renin

Back 7

Cause the kidneys to signal the body to save fluid.

Front 8

PEA

Back 8

Pulseless electrical activity

Front 9

SA NODE

Back 9

pacemaker of the heart

Front 10

Location of SA NODE

Back 10

in the right atrial wall

Front 11

AV NODE

Back 11

Gate keeper

Protects ventricles

can pace heart if SA NODE fails at 40-60 bpm

Front 12

Bundle of His

Back 12

The AV bundle is the only electrical connection between the atria and ventricles

Front 13

R&L bundle branches

Back 13

The AV bundle persist only briefly before splitting into two pathways

Front 14

Purkinje Fibers

Back 14

Complete the pathway through the heart apex and then moving superiorly into the ventricle walls.

Front 15

Ventricular depolarization depends on

Back 15

the large Purkinje fibers

Front 16

If the SA node and the AV node both fail

Back 16

cells with the purkinje fibers will pace the heart at 20-40 bmp

Front 17

Bundle branch bloks

Back 17

right and left bundle branch blocks. As the electrical impulse moves down through the bundle branches there is a delay.

Front 18

Autonomic nervous system

Back 18

Sympathetic fight or flight

Front 19

Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes

Back 19

accelerated heart rate ( chronotropic effect) and increased contractility ( inotropic effect)

Front 20

Heart and lungs respond to

Back 20

CATECHOLMINES ( epinephrine norepinephrine)

Front 21

When the Beta 1 receptors are stimulated by catecholamines the result is

Back 21

increased HR, AV conduction and contractility

Front 22

Beta Blockers function

Back 22

Block receptor sites in Heart so Catecholamines inhabit less receptor sites. This results in slower sympathetic response or HR, AV conduction and contractility

Front 23

Beta-2 receptors ( 2 lungs)

Back 23

when catecholamines find Beta Receptor sites stimulate in the lungs the result is bronchiole dilation-relaxes bronchial airway, relaxation of GI smooth muscle

Front 24

Beta blockers block receptor sites in the lungs so we get

Back 24

Bronchiole Constriction

Front 25

Beta blockers are contraindicated for people with

Back 25

Asthma,COPD and respiratory problems.

Front 26

Alpha receptors when stimulated these cause

Back 26

vasoconstriciton

Front 27

Adrenal medulla

Back 27

release epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Front 28

Kidneys

Back 28

regulate the heart/parasympathetic decreases HR and BP (rest and digest)

Front 29

Tumors in adrenal glands can cause

Back 29

elevated blood pressure

Front 30

a form of secondary hypertension

Back 30

adrenal gland tumors. when removed it is cured

Front 31

Parasympathetic

Back 31

opposes sympathetic effects..acts as a constant brake

Front 32

acetylecholine

Back 32

opens K+ channels

Front 33

Baroreceptors

Back 33

monitor blood pressure throughout the body, cause the sympathetic or parasympathetic systems to kick in and regulate the blood pressure accordingly.

Front 34

Location of baroreceptors

Back 34

most found in carotid sinus, aortic arch, vena cava and pulmonary veins

Front 35

a.Adrenergic Receptors

Back 35

receptors that when bound with agonist drugs ( Epi/Norepi) stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

Front 36

Alpha I Receptors

Back 36

located on tissue, muscle or organ that the nerve is stimulating (or post-synaptic effector cell)

Front 37

Effects of stimulation of Alpha I receptors

Back 37

vasoconstriction, inhibition of GI tract, contraction of uterus, blinking and mydriasis (induced dilation of the pupils)

Front 38

Alpha 2 receptors

Back 38

located on the actual nerves that stimulate the presympathetic effector cells.

Front 39

alpha blockers cause

Back 39

vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, miosis or constriction of the pupil and suppressed ejaculation, stimulate uterine contractions and may prevent clotting.

Front 40

alpha blockers are COMPETITIVE

Back 40

they want to bind to receptors more than norepinephrine and can chemically displace Norepinephrine from the receptors

Front 41

Alpha blocker INDICATIONS

Back 41

Vasoconstriction for migraines

given to control postpartum and post abortion bleeding

Hypertension

GIven to patients with BPH

Raynauds disease

Front 42

Medications that are Alpha Blockers

Back 42

Ergotamine Tartrate (Ergostat)

Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (Dibenzyline)

Phentolamine (Regitine)

Prozosin (Minipress)

Tolazoline (Priscoline)

Front 43

Beta Adrenergic Receptors

Back 43

receptors than when bound with agonist drugs ( Epi and Norepi) stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

Front 44

Where are Beta 1 receptors located?

Back 44

in the heart, adipose tissues

Front 45

Beta 1 effects of stimulation

Back 45

increased heart rate, force of contraction, automaticity and lipolysis

Front 46

Where are the Beta 2 receptors located?

Back 46

on smooth muscles of the bronchioles and blood vessels, GI tract, liver , urinary bladder, pregnant uterus

Front 47

Effects of Beta 2 receptors

Back 47

bronchodilation

vasodilation

decrease motility and tone

glyconeolysis

gluconeogenesis

relaxation

Front 48

Cardio-selective beta blockers

Back 48

decrease heart rate, slows conduction through AV node, prolongs SA node recovery, and decreases myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing contractility

Front 49

Nonselective beta blockers

Back 49

has the same effect as the cardio-selective beta blockers but they also block beta receptors on the smooth muscle of the bronchioles and blood vessels. This causes bronchiole constriction.

Front 50

Indications for Beta blockers

Back 50

Angina

Cardioprotective

Dysrhythmias

Hypertension

Migraines and Glaucoma

Front 51

Medications that are beta blockers

Back 51

Acebutolol(Sectral)

Atenolol ( Tenormin)

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Esmolol ( Brevibac)

Labetalol (Normodyne)

Lopressor (Normodyne)

Propranolol (Inderal)

Sotalol (Betapace)