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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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arteries of the lower extremity
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external iliac a.
popliteal |
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External iliac a.
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A. Deep circumflex iliac a.
B. Femoral a. (L. thigh) C. Popliteal |
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Femoral artery divides into:
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superficial circumflex iliac a.
descending genicular a. profund femoral a. |
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profunda femoral
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lateral circumflex femoral a.
medial circumflex femoral a. perforating branches |
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lateral circumflex femoral a. divides into
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ascending branch
desc branch transverse branch |
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medial circumflex femoral a
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ascending branch
transverse branch acetabular branch |
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perforating branches divide into:
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1, 2, 3, 4
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Popliteal artery branches into:
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medial superior genicular a
lateral superior genicular a medial sural a. lateral sural a middle genicular a medial inferior genicular a lateral inferior genicular a anterior tibial a posterior tibial a |
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anterior tibial a divides into
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anterior tibial recurrent a
anterior medial malleolar a anterior lateral malleolar a dorsalis pedis |
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posterior tibial a divides into
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peroneal a
circumflex fibular medial plantar a lateral plantar a |
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lateral plantar includes what:
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a plantar arterial arch
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internal iliac artery branches into
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superior gluteal a
inferior gluteal a obturator a |
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fascias of the lower extremity
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femoral sheath
fascia lata crural fascia talocrural fascia |
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fascia lata
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IT band
lateral intermuscular septum medial intermuscular septum |
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what is the lateral intermuscular septum
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fascia lata of the lower extremity, attaches to the linea aspera and separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the thigh
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what is the medial intermuscular septum
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fascia lata of the lower extremity that attaches to the linea aspera and separates the anterior and medial compartments of the thigh
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crural fascia include:
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anterior curral intermuscular septum
posterior crural intermuscular septum deep transverse fascia of the leg |
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what is the anterior crural intermuscular septum
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it is a crural fascia that attaches to the anterior fibular border and separates the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg
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what is the posterior crural intermuscular septum
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it is a crural fascia that attaches to the posterior fibular border and separates the lateral and posterior compartments of the leg
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what is the deep transverse fascia of the leg
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a crural fascia that separates teh superficial and deep psoterior compartment muscles
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talocrural fascia
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superior extensor retinaculum
inferior extensor retinaculum superior peroneal retinaculum inferior peroneal retinaculum |
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what is the superior extensor retinaculum
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it is a talocrural fascia that extends from the distal tibia to the distal fibula
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what is the infeiror extensor retinaculum
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a talocrural fascia that extends from the calcaneus to the navicular and medial malleolus
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whats the superior peroneal retinaculum
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talocrural fascia that extends from the lateral malleolus to the calcaneus
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whats the inferior peroneal retinaculum
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a talocrural fascia that extends from the inferior extensor retinaculum to the calcaneus
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joints of the pelvic girdle and hip
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sacroiliac
pubic symphysis hip |
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what type of synovial classification is the sacroiliac joint
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plane
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what type of synovial classification is the hip
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ball and socket
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synovial classification of the knee
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bicondylar
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synovial classification of proximal tibiofibular
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plane
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ankle and foot joints
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talocrural
subtalar tarsometatarsal metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal |
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classification of the talocrural joint
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hinge (ginglymus)
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classification of subalar joint
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plane
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classification of tarsometatarsal joint
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plane
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classification of metatarsophalangeal joint
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ellipsoidal
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classification of interphalangeal joint
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hinge
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name the ligaments of the pelvic girdle and hip
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A. Sacrotuberous
B. Sacrospinous C. Fibrous joint capsule D. Iliofemoral E. Pubofemoral F. Ischiofemoral G. Ligament of the femoral head H. Transverse acetabular |
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A. Sacrotuberous
attachments- |
from posterior iliac spine & lateral margin of the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity
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B. Sacrospinous
attachments- |
from the ischial spine to lateral margin of the sacrum
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C. Fibrous joint capsule
attachments- |
from the margin of the acetabulum to the neck, intertrochanteric line & intertrochanteric crest of the femur
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D. Iliofemoral ligament
attachments- |
from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the intertrochanteric line of femur
function- limits extension of the femur |
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E. Pubofemoral ligament
attachments- |
from the iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus to the fibrous capsule
function- limits abduction of the femur |
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F. Ischiofemoral ligament
attachments- |
from the ischium posterior to the acetabulum to the greater trochanter & iliofemoral ligament
function- assists the iliofemoral lig. in limiting extension of the femur |
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G. Ligament of the femoral head
attachments- |
from the fovea of the femoral head to the acetabular notch
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H. Transverse acetabularligament
attachments- |
interconnects the margins of the acetabular notch
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knee and leg ligaments
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A. Fibrous capsule of knee
B. Tibial (medial) collateral C. Fibular (lateral) collateral D. Anterior cruciate (L. crux, cross) E. Posterior cruciate F. Menisci (G. meniskos, crescent) G. Crural interosseous membrane |
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A. Fibrous capsule of knee
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attachments- from the margins of the femoral condyles to the margins of the tibial condyles
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B. Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
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attachments- from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle & shaft of the tibia
function- stabilizes the medial aspect of the joint (prevents abduction of the tibia) |
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C. Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
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attachments- from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula
function- stabilizes the lateral aspect of the joint (prevents adduction of the tibia) |
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D. Anterior cruciate ligament (L. crux, cross)
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attachments- from the medial part of the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
function- prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee |
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E. Posterior cruciate ligament
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attachments- from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
function- prevents the anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia |
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F. Menisci (G. meniskos, crescent)
1. Medial 2. Lateral |
medial attachments - anterior & posterior regions of the intercondylar area of the tibia & fibrous capsule at the tibial collateral ligament
lateral attachments- anterior & posterior regions of the intercondylar area of tibia |
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G. Crural interosseous membrane
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attachments- from interosseous border of the tibia to the interosseous border of the fibula
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ligaments of the ankle and foot
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talocrural fibrous capsule
medial collateral lateral ligament complex of ankel long plantar short plantar plantar calcaneonavicular |
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A. Talocrural fibrous capsule
attachments- |
from the borders of the articular surfaces of tibia & malleoli to the margins of the trochlear surface of the talus
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B. Medial collateral (deltoid) ligament
attachments- |
from the medial malleolus to the talus, navicular & sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous
function- stabilizes joint & resists forced eversion |
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C. Lateral ligament complex (of ankle)
function attachment |
function- stabilize joint & resist forced inversion
attachments- from the lateral malleolus to the talus and calcaneous |
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D. Long plantar ligament
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attachments- from the plantar surfaces of the calcaneous & cuboid to the plantar surfaces of the bases of the metatarsals
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E. Short plantar (plantar calcaneocuboid) ligament
attachments- |
from calcaneous to the plantar surface of the cuboid
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F. Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
attachments function |
- from the anterior margin of the sustentaculum tali to the plantar surface of the navicular
function- supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot |
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anterior femoral muscles
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I. Anterior femoral muscles
A. Iliacus attachments- from iliac fossa, iliac crest & sacrum to the lesser trochanter of the femur actions- flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint innervation- femoral nerve B. Psoas (L. muscle of the loin) attachments- from anterior lumbar transverse processes vertebral bodies & discs to the lesser trochanter of the femur actions- flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint innervation- ventral rami L1-3 C. Rectus femoris (L2, 3, 4) (L. straight) attachments- from anterior inferior iliac spine and groove superior to the acetabulum to the base of the patella actions- flexes thigh, and extends leg innervation- femoral nerve D. Sartorius (L. sartor, a tailor) attachments- from anterior superior iliac spine to the medial aspect of the proximal tibia actions- flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh, and flexes leg innervation- femoral nerve E. Tensor fasciae latae attachments- from anterior superior iliac spine & adjacent iliac crest to iliotibial tract actions- abducts, flexes & medially rotates thigh, and assists in maintaining extended leg innervation- superior gluteal nerve - 8B - F. Vastus intermedius (L2, 3, 4) attachments- from the anterior aspect of the proximal 2/3rds of the femoral shaft to the base of the patella actions- extends leg innervation- femoral nerve G. Vastus lateralis (L2, 3, 4) attachments- from the intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity & linea aspera to the lateral border of the patella actions- extends leg innervation- femoral nerve H. Vastus medialis (L2, 3, 4) attachments- from the intertrochanteric line, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line to the medial border of the patella actions- extends leg innervation- femoral nerve |
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Iliacus
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attachments- from iliac fossa, iliac crest & sacrum to the lesser trochanter of the femur
actions- flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint innervation- femoral nerve |
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B. Psoas (L. muscle of the loin)
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attachments- from anterior lumbar transverse processes vertebral bodies & discs to the lesser trochanter of the femur
actions- flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint innervation- ventral rami L1-3 |
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C. Rectus femoris (L2, 3, 4) (L. straight)
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attachments- from anterior inferior iliac spine and groove superior to the acetabulum to the base of the patella
actions- flexes thigh, and extends leg innervation- femoral nerve |
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D. Sartorius (L. sartor, a tailor)
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attachments- from anterior superior iliac spine to the medial aspect of the proximal tibia
actions- flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh, and flexes leg innervation- femoral nerve |
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E. Tensor fasciae latae
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attachments- from anterior superior iliac spine & adjacent iliac crest to iliotibial tract
actions- abducts, flexes & medially rotates thigh, and assists in maintaining extended leg innervation- superior gluteal nerve |
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F. Vastus intermedius (L2, 3, 4)
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attachments- from the anterior aspect of the proximal 2/3rds of the femoral shaft to the base of the patella
actions- extends leg innervation- femoral nerve |
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G. Vastus lateralis (L2, 3, 4)
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attachments- from the intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity & linea aspera to the lateral border of the patella
actions- extends leg innervation- femoral nerve |
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H. Vastus medialis (L2, 3, 4)
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attachments- from the intertrochanteric line, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line to the medial border of the patella
actions- extends leg innervation- femoral nerve |
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medial femoral muscles
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A. Adductor brevis
attachments- from the pubic body & inferior pubic ramus to line between lesser trochanter & linea aspera actions- adducts thigh innervation- obturator nerve B. Adductor longus attachments- from pubic crest to linea aspera actions- adducts & flexes thigh innervation- obturator nerve C. Adductor magnus attachments- from the inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus & tuberosity to gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line & adductor tubercle of the femur actions- adducts (adductor part) & extends (hamstring part) thigh innervation- obturator nerve (adductor region) & tibial division (hamstring region) of the sciatic nerve D. Gracilis (L. scanty) attachments- from the the body of the pubis & inferior pubic ramus to the proximal, medial tibia actions- flexes & medially rotates the leg, and adducts thigh innervation- obturator nerve E. Pectineus attachments- from pectin pubis & pubic tubercle to the femur between the lesser trochanter & linea aspera actions- adducts & flexes thigh innervation- femoral nerve & accessory obturator nerve when this nerve is present F. Obturator externus attachments- from the external aspect of the pelvic wall to the trochanteric fossa actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- obturator nerve |
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A. Adductor brevis
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attachments- from the pubic body & inferior pubic ramus to line between lesser trochanter & linea aspera
actions- adducts thigh innervation- obturator nerve |
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B. Adductor longus
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attachments- from pubic crest to linea aspera
actions- adducts & flexes thigh innervation- obturator nerve |
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C. Adductor magnus
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attachments- from the inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus & tuberosity to gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line & adductor tubercle of the femur
actions- adducts (adductor part) & extends (hamstring part) thigh innervation- obturator nerve (adductor region) & tibial division (hamstring region) of the sciatic nerve |
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D. Gracilis (L. scanty)
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attachments- from the the body of the pubis & inferior pubic ramus to the proximal, medial tibia
actions- flexes & medially rotates the leg, and adducts thigh innervation- obturator nerve |
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E. Pectineus
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attachments- from pectin pubis & pubic tubercle to the femur between the lesser trochanter & linea aspera
actions- adducts & flexes thigh innervation- femoral nerve & accessory obturator nerve when this nerve is present |
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F. Obturator externus
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attachments- from the external aspect of the pelvic wall to the trochanteric fossa
actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- obturator nerve |
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muscles of the gluteal region
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A. Gemellus inferior (L. twin)
attachments- from the ischial tuberosity to the obturator internus tendon actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- nerve to the quadratus femoris - 9B - B. Gemellus superior attachments- from the ischial spine to the obturator internus tendon actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- nerve to the obturator internus C. Gluteus maximus attachments- from the aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberus ligament & posterior gluteal line (inominate) to the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of the femur & the iliotibial tract actions- extends & laterally rotates thigh, & tenses fascia lata (iliotibial tract) innervation- inferior gluteal nerve D. Gluteus medius attachments- from the external iliac surface to the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter actions- abducts & medially rotates thigh; and keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised innervation- superior gluteal nerve E. Gluteus minimis attachments- from the external iliac surface to the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter actions- abducts & medially rotates thigh; and keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised innervation- superior gluteal nerve F. Obturator internus attachments- from the anterolateral wall of the pelvis & obturator membrane to the medial surface of the greater trochanter actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- nerve to the obturator internus G. Piriformis attachments- from the anterolateral sacrum & posterior inferior iliac spine to the upper border of the greater trochanter actions- abducts & laterally rotates thigh innervation- branches of the lumbosacral plexus H. Quadratus femoris attachments- from the ischial tuberosity to the quadrate tubercle of the femur actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- nerve to the quadratus femoris |
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A. Gemellus inferior (L. twin)
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attachments- from the ischial tuberosity to the obturator internus tendon
actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- nerve to the quadratus femoris |
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B. Gemellus superior
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attachments- from the ischial spine to the obturator internus tendon
actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- nerve to the obturator internus |
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C. Gluteus maximus
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attachments- from the aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberus ligament & posterior gluteal line (inominate) to the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of the femur & the iliotibial tract
actions- extends & laterally rotates thigh, & tenses fascia lata (iliotibial tract) innervation- inferior gluteal nerve |
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D. Gluteus medius
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attachments- from the external iliac surface to the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter
actions- abducts & medially rotates thigh; and keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised innervation- superior gluteal nerve |
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E. Gluteus minimis
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attachments- from the external iliac surface to the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter
actions- abducts & medially rotates thigh; and keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised innervation- superior gluteal nerve |
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F. Obturator internus
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attachments- from the anterolateral wall of the pelvis & obturator membrane to the medial surface of the greater trochanter
actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- nerve to the obturator internus |
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G. Piriformis
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attachments- from the anterolateral sacrum & posterior inferior iliac spine to the upper border of the greater trochanter
actions- abducts & laterally rotates thigh innervation- branches of the lumbosacral plexus |
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H. Quadratus femoris
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attachments- from the ischial tuberosity to the quadrate tubercle of the femur
actions- laterally rotates thigh innervation- nerve to the quadratus femoris |
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posterior femoral muscles
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A. Biceps femoris
attachments- from the ischial tuberosity (long head) & lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line (short head) to the fibular head actions- flexes leg (both heads) & extends thigh (long head only) innervation- tibial (long head) & peroneal (short head) divisions of the sciatic nerve B. Semimembranosus attachments- from ischial tuberosity to posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle actions- extends thigh & flexes leg innervation- tibial division of the sciatic nerve C. Semitendinosus attachments- from the ischial tuberosity to the proximal, medial tibia actions- extends thigh & flexes leg innervation- tibial division of the sciatic nerve |
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A. Biceps femoris
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attachments- from the ischial tuberosity (long head) & lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line (short head) to the fibular head
actions- flexes leg (both heads) & extends thigh (long head only) innervation- tibial (long head) & peroneal (short head) divisions of the sciatic nerve |
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B. Semimembranosus
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attachments- from ischial tuberosity to posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle
actions- extends thigh & flexes leg innervation- tibial division of the sciatic nerve |
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C. Semitendinosus
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attachments- from the ischial tuberosity to the proximal, medial tibia
actions- extends thigh & flexes leg innervation- tibial division of the sciatic nerve |
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anterior crural muscles
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A. Extensor digitorum longus
attachments- from the lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4th of the fibula and interosseous membrane to the dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5 actions- dorsiflexes ankle, and extends digits 2-5 (IP & MP) innervation- deep peroneal nerve B. Extensor hallucis longus (L. hallex, great toe) attachments- from the middle 1/2 of the fibular surface & interosseous membrane to the distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe actions- dorsiflexes ankle, and extends great toe (MP & IP) innervation- deep peroneal nerve C. Peroneus tertius attachments- from the distal fibula and interosseous membrane to the base of the 5th metatarsal actions- dorsiflexes ankle, and everts foot innervation- deep peroneal nerve D. Tibialis anterior attachments- from the lateral condyle and proximal 2/3rds of the tibia’s lateral surface & interosseous membrane to the medial cuneiform & adjacent 1st metatarsal actions- dorsiflexes ankle, and inverts foot innervation- deep peroneal nerve |
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A. Extensor digitorum longus
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attachments- from the lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4th of the fibula and interosseous membrane to the dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5
actions- dorsiflexes ankle, and extends digits 2-5 (IP & MP) innervation- deep peroneal nerve |
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B. Extensor hallucis longus (L. hallex, great toe)
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attachments- from the middle 1/2 of the fibular surface & interosseous membrane to the distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe
actions- dorsiflexes ankle, and extends great toe (MP & IP) innervation- deep peroneal nerve |
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C. Peroneus tertius
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attachments- from the distal fibula and interosseous membrane to the base of the 5th metatarsal
actions- dorsiflexes ankle, and everts foot innervation- deep peroneal nerve |
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D. Tibialis anterior
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attachments- from the lateral condyle and proximal 2/3rds of the tibia’s lateral surface & interosseous membrane to the medial cuneiform & adjacent 1st metatarsal
actions- dorsiflexes ankle, and inverts foot innervation- deep peroneal nerve |
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lateral crural muscles
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A. Peroneus longus
attachments- from the head & proximal 2/3rds of the fibula to the lateral aspects of the 1st metatarsal & adjacent medial cuneiform actions- plantar flexes ankle, and everts foot innervation- superficial peroneal nerve B. Peroneus brevis attachments- from the distal 2/3rds of the fibula to the lateral base of the 5th metatarsal actions- plantar flexes ankle, and everts foot innervation- superficial peroneal nerve |
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A. Peroneus longus
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attachments- from the head & proximal 2/3rds of the fibula to the lateral aspects of the 1st metatarsal & adjacent medial cuneiform
actions- plantar flexes ankle, and everts foot innervation- superficial peroneal nerve |
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B. Peroneus brevis
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attachments- from the distal 2/3rds of the fibula to the lateral base of the 5th metatarsal
actions- plantar flexes ankle, and everts foot innervation- superficial peroneal nerve |
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Posterior Crural Muscles
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A. Flexor digitorum longus
attachments- from the posterior tibia distal to the soleal line to the plantar surfaces of the distal phalangeal bases actions- plantar flexes ankle, and flexes digits 2-5 (MP & IP) innervation- tibial nerve B. Flexor hallucis longus attachments- from the distal 2/3rds of the posterior fibular surface & interosseous membrane to the plantar aspect of the distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe actions- plantar flexes ankle, and flexes great toe (MP & IP) innervation- tibial nerve C. Gastrocnemius (S1,2) (G. gaster, belly + kneme, leg) attachments- from the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles to the calcaneal tuberosity actions- flexes leg, and plantar flexes ankle innervation- tibial nerve D. Plantaris (L. planta, sole) attachments- from the lateral supracondylar line to the calcaneal tuberosity actions- flexes leg, and plantar flexes ankle innervation- tibial nerve E. Popliteus attachments- from the lateral femoral condyle to the soleal line of the tibia actions- unlocks knee during (initial) flexion innervation- tibial nerve F. Soleus (S1,2) attachments- from the posterior aspect of the head & proximal 1/4th of the fibula & tibial soleal line to the calcaneal tuberosity actions- plantar flexes ankle innervation- tibial nerve G. Tibialis posterior attachments- from the interosseous membrane, lateral tibial surface & medial fibular surface to the navicular, intermediate cuneiform and bases of metatarsals 2-4 actions- plantar flexes ankle, and inverts foot innervation- tibial nerve |
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A. Flexor digitorum longus
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attachments- from the posterior tibia distal to the soleal line to the plantar surfaces of the distal phalangeal bases
actions- plantar flexes ankle, and flexes digits 2-5 (MP & IP) innervation- tibial nerve |
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B. Flexor hallucis longus
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attachments- from the distal 2/3rds of the posterior fibular surface & interosseous membrane to the plantar aspect of the distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe
actions- plantar flexes ankle, and flexes great toe (MP & IP) innervation- tibial nerve |
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C. Gastrocnemius (S1,2) (G. gaster, belly + kneme, leg)
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attachments- from the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles to the calcaneal tuberosity
actions- flexes leg, and plantar flexes ankle innervation- tibial nerve |
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D. Plantaris (L. planta, sole)
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attachments- from the lateral supracondylar line to the calcaneal tuberosity
actions- flexes leg, and plantar flexes ankle innervation- tibial nerve |
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E. Popliteus
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attachments- from the lateral femoral condyle to the soleal line of the tibia
actions- unlocks knee during (initial) flexion innervation- tibial nerve |
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F. Soleus (S1,2)
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attachments- from the posterior aspect of the head & proximal 1/4th of the fibula & tibial soleal line to the calcaneal tuberosity
actions- plantar flexes ankle innervation- tibial nerve |
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G. Tibialis posterior
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attachments- from the interosseous membrane, lateral tibial surface & medial fibular surface to the navicular, intermediate cuneiform and bases of metatarsals 2-4
actions- plantar flexes ankle, and inverts foot innervation- tibial nerve |
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muscles of the foot
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A. Abductor digiti minimi
attachments- from calcaneal tuberosity to lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit actions- abducts & flexes 5th digit innervation- lateral plantar nerve B. Abductor hallucis attachments- from medial calcaneal tuberosity to medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe actions- flexes & abducts great toe innervation- medial plantar nerve C. Adductor hallucis attachments- from 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) & distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head) to lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe actions- adducts great toe innervation- lateral plantar nerve D. Extensor digitorum brevis attachments- from anterolateral calcaneus to the lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (2-4) actions- extension of digits 2-5 (MP & IP) innervation- deep peroneal nerve E. Extensor hallucis brevis attachments- from anterolateral calcaneus to dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the hallux actions- extension of great toe (MP & IP) innervation- deep peroneal nerve F. Flexor digitorum accessorius attachments- from medial surface of calcaneus & lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity to long flexor tendons actions- assists flexor digitorum longus innervation- lateral plantar nerve - 12B - G. Flexor digitorum brevis attachments- from medial process of calcaneal tuberosity to sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5 actions- flexes toes (proximal IP) innervation- medial plantar nerve H. Flexor digiti minimi attachments- from 5th metatarsal base to proximal phalangeal base actions- flexion of 5th digit (MP) innervation- lateral plantar nerve I. Flexor hallucis brevis attachments- from cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior to base of proximal phalanx of great toe actions- flexion of great toe (MP) innervation- medial plantar nerve J. Interossei-dorsal attachments- from metatarsal shafts to proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4 actions- abducts (MP) & flexes (MP) & extends (IP) digits 2-4 innervation- lateral plantar nerve K. Interossei-plantar attachments- from plantar surface of shaft of metatarsals to dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5 actions- adducts & flexes (MP) & extends (IP) digits 3-5 innervation- lateral plantar nerve L. Lumbricals attachments- from tendons of flexor digitorum longus to medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5 actions- flexes proximal phalanges (MP), and extend IP joints innervation- 1st- medial plantar nerve & 2-5- lateral plantar nerve |
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A. Abductor digiti minimi
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attachments- from calcaneal tuberosity to lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit
actions- abducts & flexes 5th digit innervation- lateral plantar nerve |
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B. Abductor hallucis
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attachments- from medial calcaneal tuberosity to medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe
actions- flexes & abducts great toe innervation- medial plantar nerve |
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C. Adductor hallucis
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attachments- from 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) & distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head) to lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe
actions- adducts great toe innervation- lateral plantar nerve |
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D. Extensor digitorum brevis
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attachments- from anterolateral calcaneus to the lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (2-4)
actions- extension of digits 2-5 (MP & IP) innervation- deep peroneal nerve |
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E. Extensor hallucis brevis
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attachments- from anterolateral calcaneus to dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the hallux
actions- extension of great toe (MP & IP) innervation- deep peroneal nerve |
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F. Flexor digitorum accessorius
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attachments- from medial surface of calcaneus & lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity to long flexor tendons
actions- assists flexor digitorum longus innervation- lateral plantar nerve |
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G. Flexor digitorum brevis
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attachments- from medial process of calcaneal tuberosity to sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5
actions- flexes toes (proximal IP) innervation- medial plantar nerve |
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H. Flexor digiti minimi
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attachments- from 5th metatarsal base to proximal phalangeal base
actions- flexion of 5th digit (MP) innervation- lateral plantar nerve |
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I. Flexor hallucis brevis
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attachments- from cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior to base of proximal phalanx of great toe
actions- flexion of great toe (MP) innervation- medial plantar nerve |
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J. Interossei-dorsal
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attachments- from metatarsal shafts to proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4
actions- abducts (MP) & flexes (MP) & extends (IP) digits 2-4 innervation- lateral plantar nerve |
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K. Interossei-plantar
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attachments- from plantar surface of shaft of metatarsals to dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5
actions- adducts & flexes (MP) & extends (IP) digits 3-5 innervation- lateral plantar nerve |
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L. Lumbricals
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\attachments- from tendons of flexor digitorum longus to medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5
actions- flexes proximal phalanges (MP), and extend IP joints innervation- 1st- medial plantar nerve & 2-5- lateral plantar nerve |
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lumbar plexus includes
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muscular branches
iliohypogastric nerve ilioinguinal nerve genitofemoral nerve lateral femoral cutaneous nerve femoral nerve obturator nerve |
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muscular branches o fthe lumbar plexus include
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iliacus
quadratus lumborum psoas |
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Iliacus
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- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation
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Quadratus lumborum
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sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation
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2. Psoas
function- |
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation
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. Lateral femoral cutaneous n.
function- |
sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the thigh
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femoral nerve includes
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saphenous nerve
muscular branches |
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saphenous nerve
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branch of the femoral nerve
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the medial aspect of the leg |
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Muscular branches of the femoral nerve
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sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis & vastus intermedius muscles
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Obturator nerve (L2-4)
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a. Muscular branches
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus & obturator externus muscles b. Accessory obturator n. function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the pectineus (when this nerve is present) |
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Muscular branches of the obturator nerve
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sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus & obturator externus muscles
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Accessory obturator n.
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sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the pectineus (when this nerve is present)
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sacral plexus includes
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muscular branches of the sacral plexus
superior gluteal nerve inferior gluteal nerve sciatic nerve (tibial & peronial divisions) |
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Sacral Plexus aka
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(Lumbosacral Trunk [L4-5] & S1-3)
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Muscular branches of the sacral plexus
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a. Nerve to the piriformis
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the piriformis muscle b. Nerve to the quadratus femoris function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus m. c. Nerve to the obturator internus function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the obturator internus & superior gemellus m. |
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Superior gluteal nerve
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sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimis & tensor facia lata m.
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Inferior gluteal nerve
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sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the gluteus maximus m.
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Sciatic nerve – tibial division
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muscular branch and tibial nerve
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sciatic nerve tibial division
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Muscular branches
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris (long head) & adductor magnus m. |
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Tibial nerve
divided into four nerves |
i. Sural n.
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying lateral aspect of the leg & foot ii. Muscular branches function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus & flexor hallucis longus muscles iii. Medial plantar n. function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the medial muscles of the plantar surface of the foot - 14B - iv. Lateral plantar n. function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the lateral muscles of the plantar surface of the foot |
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sural nerve (of tibial)
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function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying lateral aspect of the leg & foot
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Muscular branches of tibial nerve
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function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus & flexor hallucis longus muscles
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Medial plantar n.
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function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the medial muscles of the plantar surface of the foot
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Lateral plantar n.
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function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the lateral muscles of the plantar surface of the foot
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Sciatic nerve – peroneal (fibular) nerve
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of sacral plexus
muscular branch to short head of biceps femoris common peroneal nerve |
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muscular branch to short head of biceps femoris
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function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the short head of the biceps femoris
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Common peroneal (fibular) n.
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from the sciatic nerve which is from the sacral plexus
branches: lateral sural nerve deep peroneal nerve suerficial peroneal nerve |
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Muscular branch to short head of biceps femoris
function- |
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the short head of the biceps femoris
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Lateral sural n.
function- |
sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the leg
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Deep peroneal (fibular)n.
function- |
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus & peroneus tertius m.
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Superficial peroneal (fibular) n.
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sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the peroneus longus & brevis m.
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