Unit 1-(Kq3) Bedford In France-The English Response To The Revival Of French Power

Front 1

1430-What did English parliament do in response to Joan of Arc's gains into English territory? (3)

Back 1

-They granted a double subsidy of the war (going against the treaty of Troyes that said French parliament should pay), Bedford persuaded the, to do so
-They also raised substantial finds for the war back home
-However, financial problems still remained

Front 2

1430-What happened with Anglo-Burgindian relations? (2)

Back 2

-The English and Burgundians were unable to coordinate joint campaigning
-The Burgundians suffered heavy defeats to the Armagnacs, and they complained that the losses were down to the English failing to provide the funding that they had promised

Front 3

1431-What did Bedford do regarding Paris?

Back 3

In January, the Armagnacs were raiding into Normandy (English land), and Bedofrd countered by sailing a supply convoy down the river Seine into Paris despite the terrible conditions after weeks of wind and rain..but many had fled the city in April due to the appalling weather

Front 4

1431-What did Bedford do in response to Charles VI's coronation? (3)

Back 4

-At the end of 1431, Henry VI was brought into Paris and crowned Ming of France
-However, this ceremony was said to be shabby, rushed, and unsatisfactory, leaving the French with the real propaganda victory
-Paris wasn't the proper place to get crowned, it was in Reims (Where Charles VI was crowned)... Didn't seem right

Front 5

1432-What happened in February, and why was it good for Bedford/England?

Back 5

While Henry had been in France, his council had dictated policy, and Beaufort had made many poor decisions which had further weakened the English position, but Bedford could not reassume power

Front 6

1432-Why was there a further blow to the Anglo-Burgundian Alliance? (3)

Back 6

-Anne, Duke of Burgundy's sister and Bedford's wife died
-Bedford quickly remarried, as he realised that he needed assistance, and needed a legitimate heir
-He married a beautiful 17-year-old, and this made Burgundy feel that Bedford had slurred his dead sister and the alliance further weakened

Front 7

1433-What caused arguments between Bedford and Gloucester, and what subsequent actions were taken? (6)

Back 7

-By the spring, the English were effectively on their own in France, without the support of the Burgundians
-There were Armagnac raids deep into Normandy, and also plots to betray previously secure towns there-Both Gloucester and Bedford were blaming each other for the problems that the English were experiencing
-Bedford thought Gloucester was too wasteful in England
-Bedford went back to England in 1433, and was asked by Parliament to stay there and rule permanently
-He declined, but insisted that all decisions be discussed with him first even if he was in France
-He returned to France with more money and men, but he knew it wasn't really enough

Front 8

1434-What gains had been made?

Back 8

-The English had gained back some of their losses since 1428, with Arundel making gains in Maine, and Talbot clearing any Armagnac presence north of Paris (English leaders)

Front 9

1434-What was the main problem in this year?

Back 9

-The English were in heavy debt in England and in France, and could not raise more funds to maintain the initiative
-Garrisons were not receiving wages, and indiscipline and desertion became common, with bands of English soldiers roaming the French countryside as bandits, preying on both sides… Turning people against the English presence
-Bedford tried to implement some reforms, but the locals did not see them as serious enough

Front 10

1435-What military losses did the English suffer?

Back 10

-The first popular uprisings in the history of the English kingdom of France happened in the area between Falaise, Carentan and Bayeux
-The Armagnacs used increasingly brutal military tactics in order to give them a better position for bargaining
-The Burgundians realised that they were in a strong position, and given the desperation of the English, a meeting with reps from all 3 groups met in Arras in September, resulting in the Treaty of Arras

Front 11

Why were the English in such a difficult position for the Treaty of Arras? (2)

Back 11

-They were in a difficult position because, while realising that they could not conquer all of France, their king was only 14 and was not yet ruling himself, so they were not in a position to make any formal settlement which would reduce his inheritance... They had to stick to the Treaty of Troyes
-The English offered a truce, but this was not acceptable to the friends who wanted Henry VI to give up the French throne… The English left the negotiations on 6 September, creating the public impression that they were enemies of peace

Front 12

What were the terms of the Treaty of Troyes? (4)

Back 12

-The Burgundians renounce the Treaty of Troyes, basically switching sides in the battle
-The Burgundians recognise Charles VII as King of France
-The Burgundians promised to try to persuade the English to submit to the French

-This meant that the Burgundians withdrew all support for the English, although they did not yet make available the troops to Charles VII

Front 13

What happened on September 15th 1435? (2)

Back 13

-Bedford died
-His importance in maintaining the kingdom could not be over emphasised

Front 14

What happened by the end of 1435?

Back 14

-The English had lost Meulan, Dieppe and Harfleur,previously secure areas
-There had been a second popular revolt in the Normandy, and 3000 Armagnacs were stationed there which blocked the English access to the channel
-Gloucester now took over the English lead, and he committed to the aggressive continuation of the war and was a long-term enemy of Burgundy
-However Beaufort, Gloucestersbitter rival favoured peace… There were many divisions arising in the English council