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66 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Plymouth Colony
Who: Puritans, Separatists
What: Occupied most of the southeastern portion of the modern state of Massachusetts.
Where: English colonial ventures in North America
Significance: One of the earliest colonies to be settled and they were fleeing religious persecution to worship their god
Mayflower Compact 1620
Who: Colonists
What: Social contract in which settlers were required to follow the compact’s rules and regulations
Where: Plymouth colony
Significance: First governing document of the Plymouth colony.
Headright System
Who: Virginian Colonists
What: Attempt to solve labor shortage due to increase in tobacco economy
Where: Jamestown, Virginia,
Significance: Increased the division between the wealthy landowners and the poor.
Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut 1639
Who: Connecticut Colony council
What: Orders made to describe the government set up by the Connecticut River towns, setting its structure and powers
Where: Connecticut Colony
Significance: Considered to be the first written Constitution in western tradition
Mercantilism
Who: Europeans
What: Economic theory that says that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon the supply of capital
Where: Europe
Significance: Economists reject mercantilism today.
Triangular Trade
Who- Slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, the Caribbean European colonial powers
What- Triangle trade, is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions.
Where- West Africa, the Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers
Significance - The Transatlantic Triangular Trade operated during the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, the Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers
The Great Awakening
Who-Anglo-Americans
What- The Great Awakenings were several periods of rapid and dramatic religious revival in Anglo-American religious history, generally recognized as beginning in the 1730s.
Where-Happened throughout the states
Significance- several periods of rapid and dramatic religious revival in Anglo-American religious history
IRON ACT 1750
Who-British Parliament and Americans
What- he Iron Act, strictly Importation, etc. Act 1750 (Statute 23 Geo. II c. 29) was one of the legislative measures introduced by the British Parliament
Where- In American Colonies
Significance – encouraged manufacturing to take place in Great Britain
INDENTURED SERVANTS
Who-indentured servants
What- is a form of debt bondage worker.
Where-throughout the Americas
Significance-servants weren’t slaves and had more respect and freedom
GEORGE WASHINGTON
Who-The first president of the U.S.
What- was the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and served as the first President of the United States of America
Where-United states
Significance- For his central role in the formation of the United States, he is often referred to as the father of his country.
PROCLAMATION OF 1763
Who- King George III
What- issued The Royal Proclamation of 1763 following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War.
Where-North America
Significance-To organize Great Britain’s new North American empire
SALUTARY NEGLECT
Who-British
What-An undocumented British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, which were meant to keep the colonists obedient to Great Britain
Where-American colonies
Significance-Led to the American Revolutionary War
STAMP ACT 1765
Who-Imposed by the British
What-Was made with the intent of paying troops stationed in North America following the British victory in the Seven Years’ War
Where-American colonies
Significance-Helped lead to the American Revolution
STAMP ACT CONGRESS
Who-Held by delegates of some colonies
What-Discussed issue with the Stamp Act
Where-New York City
Significance-It showed how most people of the colonies were willing to resist against British rule
SONS OF LIBERTY
Who-Colonists resisting British rule
What-Patriots whom attacked the apparatus and symbols of British authority
Where-Thirteen colonies
Significance-Organized group of Americans against the crown
COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE
Who-Local governments of 13 colonies
What-Made for the purpose of coordinating written communication outside of the colony
Where-13 colonies
Significance-Rallied opposition against the British and later became a formal political union among the colonies
BOSTON MASSACRE
Who-Americans
What-An incident which led to the death of five American civilians
Where-Boston
Significance-Helped spark the rebellion in British colonies in America
INTOLERABLE (COERCIVE) ACTS 1774
Who-Passed by British Parliament
What-Used to describe a series of laws relating to Britain’s colonies in North America
Where-North America
Significance-Sparked outrage and resistance in 13 colonies
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1775
Who-Delegates from the 13 colonies
What-Convention of delegates from the 13 colonies that met beginning in May 10, 1775.
Where-Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Significance-Adopted the U.S. Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
Who: the congress of confederation
What: An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance
Where: in the colonies
Significance: was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
Who: written primarily by Thomas jeferson
What: statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire
Where: in the united states
Significance: justified the independence of the United States by listing colonial grievances against King George III
COMMON SENSE
Who: used by everyone
What: based on a strict construction of the term, consists of what people in common would agree on
Where: in the us
Significance: many philosophers make wide use of the concept or at least refer to it
SHAYS REBELLION
Who-Daniel Shays, and "Shaysites" or "Regulators".
What-Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Central and Western Massachusetts, (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787.
Where-in Central and Western Massachusetts, (mainly Springfield)
Significance - Most of Shays' compatriots were poor farmers angered by what they felt to be crushing debt and taxes. Failure to repay such debts often resulted in imprisonment in debtor's prisons or the claiming of property by the County.
IMPLIED POWERS(ELASTIC CLAUSE)
Who-Leaders or America
What- powers not given to the government directly through the constitution, but are implied.
Where-United States
Significance- "Implied powers" are those powers authorized by a legal document which, while not stated, are deemed to be implied by powers expressly stated
GREAT COMPROMISE
Who-Americans
What- was an agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787
Where- United States
Significance- defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution
Jamestown
Who: Early town in America
What: Town in Virginia
Where: America
Significance: first town in America
John Smith
He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay.He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan
Bacon's Rebellion
an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part. The uprising was a protest against Native American raids on the frontier, as well as policies of favoritism shown by the Royal Governor of Virginia, William Berkeley.
Massachusetts Bay Company
an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston. The area is now in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, one of the 50 United States.
Roger Williams
an English theologian, a notable proponent of religious toleration and the separation of church and state and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans.
Stamp Act
a law enacted by a government that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents.The stamp act was considered upsetting to some people. Those that pay the tax receive an official stamp on their documents. The tax raised, called stamp duty, was first devised in the Netherlands in 1624 after a public competition to find a new form of tax.
Declaratory Act
an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1766, during America's colonial period, one of a series of resolutions passed attempting to regulate the behavior of the colonies. It stated that Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies in all matters.
Quartering Act
were used by the British forces in the American colonies to ensure that British troops had adequate housing and provisions. These acts were amendments to the Mutiny Act, which had to be renewed annually by Parliament and provided that Great Britain would house its soldiers in American barracks and public houses, as by the Mutiny Act of 1765, this act expired on March 24, 1767.
Townshend Act
a series of acts passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay for governors and judges who would be independent of colonial control, to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations, to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act, and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies.[
Boston Massacre
an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770, the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British colonies in America, which culminated in the American Revolution.
Tea Act
An act to allow a drawback of the duties of customs on the exportation of tea to any of his Majesty's colonies or plantations in America; to increase the deposit on bohea tea to be sold at the East India Company's sales; and to empower the commissioners of the treasury to grant licenses to the East India Company to export tea duty-free.), passed on May 10, 1773.
Boston Tea Party
was a direct action protest by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government. The incident remains an iconic event of American history, and has often been referenced in other political protests.
Coercive Acts
a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America. The acts sparked outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution
Mutiny Act
an act passed yearly by Parliament for governing the British Army. It was originally passed in 1689 in response to the mutiny of a large portion of the army which stayed loyal to the Stuarts upon William III taking the crown of England
Samuel Adams
a statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a politician in colonial Massachusetts, Adams was a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and was one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to John Adams.
King William’s War:
was the name used in the English colonies in America to refer to the North American theater of the War of the Grand Alliance (1688–97). It was fought between England, France, and their respective American Indian allies in the colonies of Canada (New France), Acadia, and New England.
Queen Anne’s War:
(1702–13) was the second in a series of four French and Indian Wars fought between France and England (later Great Britain) in North America for control of the continent and was the counterpart of the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. In addition to the two main combatants, the war also involved a number of American Indian tribes and Spain, which was allied with France.
Peace of Utrecht:
rather than a single document, comprises a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession.

The representatives who met were Louis XIV of France and Philip V of Spain on the one hand, and representatives of Queen Anne of Great Britain, the Duke of Savoy, and the United Provinces on the other.
War of Jenkin’s Ear:
was a conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748, with major operations largely ended by 1742. Its unusual name relates to Robert Jenkins, captain of a British merchant ship, who exhibited his severed ear in Parliament following the boarding of his vessel by Spanish coast guards in 1731. This affair and a number of similar incidents sparked a war against the Spanish Empire, ostensibly to encourage the Spanish not to renege on the lucrative asiento contract (permission to sell slaves in Spanish America). After 1742 the war merged into the larger War of the Austrian Succession involving most of the powers of Europe. Peace arrived with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.
Paxton Boys:
was a vigilante group that murdered at least twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre. Backcountry Presbyterian Scots-Irish frontiersmen from central Pennsylvania, near Paxton Church, Paxtang, Pennsylvania, now Dauphin County, formed a vigilante group in response to the American Indian uprising known as Pontiac's Rebellion. The Paxton Boys felt that the government of colonial Pennsylvania was negligent in providing them with protection.
Grenville’s Program:
.
Patrick Henry:
(May 29, 1736 – June 6, 1799) served as the first post-colonial Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779. A prominent figure in the American Revolution, Henry is known and remembered for his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Along with Samuel Adams and Thomas Paine, he is remembered as one of the most influential (and radical) advocates of the American Revolution and republicanism, especially in his denunciations of corruption in government officials and his defense of historic rights.
SONS OF LIBERTY:
.
Daughters of Liberty:
was a successful Colonial American group that consisted of women who displayed their patriotism by participating in boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Townshend Acts. Using their feminine skills of the time period, they made homespun cloth and other goods to fill the good British people. They were recognized as patriotic heroines for their success, making America less dependent on British textiles. Proving their commitment to "the cause of liberty and industry" they openly opposed the Tea Act. They experimented to find substitutes for taxed goods such as tea and sugar. They also had a large influence during the war. In 1774, the patriot women helped influence a decision made by Continental Congress to boycott all British goods. They helped end the Stamp Act.
Crispus Attucks
(1723 – March 5, 1770) was one of five people killed in the Boston Massacre in Boston, Massachusetts. He has been frequently named as the first martyr of the American Revolution and is the only Boston Massacre victim whose name is commonly remembered. He is regarded as an important and inspirational figure in American history.
Little is known for certain about Attucks beyond his involvement in the massacre. Fragmentary evidence suggests that he may have been of African American and Native American ancestry. In the early 19th century, as the Abolitionist movement gained momentum in Boston, Attucks was lauded as an example of a black American who played a heroic role in the history of the United States. Because Crispus Attucks may also have had Wampanoag ancestors, his story also holds special significance for many Native Americans.
John Adams:
(October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American politician and the second President of the United States (1797–1801), after being the first Vice President (1789–1797) for two terms. He is regarded as one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. He played a leading role in persuading Congress to adopt the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. As a representative of Congress in Europe, he was a major negotiator of the eventual peace treaty with Great Britain, and chiefly responsible for obtaining important loans from Amsterdam. Adams's revolutionary credentials secured him two terms as George Washington's vice president and his own election as the second president of the United States. The major accomplishment of his presidency was his peaceful resolution of the Quasi-War crisis with France in 1798. Adams was the father of John Quincy Adams, the 6th President of the United States.
Carolina Regulators:
Was a North Carolina uprising, lasting from approximately 1764 to 1771, where citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials. While unsuccessful, some historians consider it a catalyst to the American Revolutionary War.
Battle of the Alamance:
ended the so-called War of the Regulation, a rebellion in colonial North Carolina over issues of taxation and local control. Some historians consider it the opening salvo of the American Revolution, although the rebellion was against local government, and not against the king or crown. Named for nearby Great Alamance Creek, the battle took place in the central Piedmont about eight miles south of present-day Burlington, North Carolina. The Regulators lacked leadership, organization, and adequate munitions.
FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 1774:
was a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen British North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. Called in response to the passage of the Coercive Acts (also known as Intolerable Acts by the Colonial Americans) by the British Parliament, the Congress was attended by 56 members appointed by the legislatures of twelve of the Thirteen Colonies, the exception being the Province of Georgia, which did not send delegates. The Congress met briefly to consider options, an economic boycott of British trade, publish a list of rights and grievances, and petition King George for redress of those grievances.

The Congress also called for another Continental Congress in the event that their petition was unsuccessful in halting enforcement of the Intolerable Acts. Their appeal to the Crown had no effect, and so the Second Continental Congress was convened the following year to organize the defense of the colonies at the onset of the American Revolutionary War.
Suffolk Resolves:
Was a declaration made on September 9, 1774 by the leaders of Suffolk County, Massachusetts, of which Boston is the major city. The convention that adopted them first met at the Woodward Tavern in Dedham, which is today the site of the Norfolk County Courthouse. The Resolves were recognized by statesman Edmund Burke as a major development in colonial animosity leading to adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence from Great Britain in 1776, and he urged British conciliation with the American colonies, to little effect. The First Continental Congress passed the Resolves on September 17, 1774.
Galloway Plan:
Was put forward in the First Continental Congress of 1774. Joseph Galloway was a Pennsylvania delegate who wanted to keep the colonies in the British Empire. He suggested the creation of an American Colonial Parliament to act together with the Parliament of Great Britain. On matters relating to the colonies each body would have a veto over the other's decisions. The Colonal Parliament would consist of a President-General appointed by the Crown, and delegates appointed by the colonial assemblies. Galloway's plan would have kept the British Empire together, while allowing the colonies to have some say over their own affairs, including the inflammatory issue of taxation.
Galloway's plan was not accepted by the Congress. The appearance of the Suffolk Resolves at the Congress led to a polarization of discussion, with the radicals swiftly gaining the upper hand. Galloway's Plan of Union was narrowly defeated by a vote of six to five on 22 October 1774.
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, APRIL 19, 1775:
Were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. They were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington), and Cambridge, near Boston. The battles marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies in the mainland of British North America.
Paul Revere, William Dawes:
(January 1, 1735 – May 10, 1818) was an American silversmith and a patriot in the American Revolution. He was glorified after his death for his role as a messenger in the battles of Lexington and Concord, and Revere's name and his "midnight ride" are well-known in the United States as a patriotic symbol. In his lifetime, Revere was a prosperous and prominent Boston craftsman, who helped organize an intelligence and alarm system to keep watch on the British military. Revere later served as an officer in the Penobscot Expedition, one of the most disastrous campaigns of the American Revolutionary War, a role for which he was later exonerated. After the war, he was early to recognize the potential for large-scale manufacturing of metal.

William Dawes, Jr. (April 5, 1745 – February 25, 1799) was one of the three men who alerted colonial minutemen of the approach of British army troops prior to the Battle of Lexington and Concord at the outset of the American Revolution
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS:
was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning in May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after shooting in the American Revolutionary War had begun. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met briefly during 1774, also in Philadelphia. The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and moved slowly towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. By raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States.[1] With the ratification of the Articles of Confederation in 1781, the Congress became known as the Congress of the Confederation.
Contents
Slavery clause in the Declaration of Independence:
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Somerset Case (in Great Britain):
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Quock Walker case- Mass:
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Benedict Arnold:
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Continental Army:
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Native Americans in the Revolutionary War:
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Black Americans in the Revolutionary War:
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