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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 2 assumptions of the biological approach |
Behaviour and thought processes are innate (born with them ) Human characteristics are due to our genetic make up |
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Evaluate the strengths of the biological approach |
Strengths -uses scientific , experimental procedures in its investigations -provides strong argument for the nature side of nature vs nurture debate -real life application e.g. drugs that help control bipolar |
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Evaluate the limitations of the biological approach |
-it's reductionist. Explains all thoughts and behaviours in terms of actions of nerves and chemicals -over simplistic.fails to fully appreciate the influence that environmental factors have on behaviour -raises ethical issues for example genetic mapping . Is it right to artificially modify our genetic make up |
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What are the assumptions of the behaviourist approach ? |
-behaviour is learnt through the environment -behaviour is determined by reinforcement ot punishment of past learning experiences -observable behaviour should be studied instead of minds |
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What is operant conditioning ? |
Operant conditioning is learning due to the consequences of voluntary behaviour, through positive and negative punishment and reinforcement |
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What are the two types of reinforcement ? |
Positive reinforcement -provides the feeling of satisfaction that increases the likelihood of that desired response being repeated e.g praise for good work Negative reinforcement -involves the removal of an unpleasant response or experience in order to increase the likelihood of the desired response being repeated |
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What is punishment ? |
Punishment is the presence of a negative response/stimulus to decrease the likelihood of the response occurring again |
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Briefly describe skinners practical and how it can be related to real life |
Skinner put a rat In a skinner box which released food when the rat placed a button . After a while the rat associated doing the task with getting it's reward so repeated the task This can be applied to: -education in the use of stickers In schools -prisons with reduced jail time for good behaviour -help autistic children with speach problems |
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Evaluate the strengths of the behaviourist approach |
-behaviorists use rigorous , experimental research giving psychology scientific credibility -provides strong argument for nurture side of nature vs nurture debate -has real life application e.g. rewards In school |
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Evaluate the limitations of the behaviourist approach |
-Ignores mental processes of learning unlike the cognitive approach -rejects possible role of biological factors ( nature ) In human behaviour -views humans as passive learners unlike humanistic psychologists who view humans as active learners -the principles of operant conditioning and classical conditioning do not account for spontaneous laws in humans |
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Describe little Albert study |
Aim was to investigate whether an emotional response (fear )could be conditioned into a human Method :Watson presented little Albert with a white rat and when ever he touched it he made a very loud noise . This occurs for a couple of times over a number of weeks After that Albert became scared whenever a rat was presented |
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Describe pavlovs experiment |
Pavlov rang a bell ( neutral stimulus )at the same time as he presented good to the dog which caused the dog to salivate After a number of trials pavlov found that now he no longer had to present the good . The dog just salivated when the bell rang Pavlov referred to this as classical conditioning |
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Define classical conditioning |
Learning through association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned reflex response |
