Unit 1: Intro To Science

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science

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a system of knowledge based on facts or principles

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physical science

Back 2

the study of matter and energy and how they relate

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anything that can be measured is?

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either matter or energy

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pure science

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the search for knowledge; it doesnt begin with a problem that needs to be solved

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example of pure science

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astronomy

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applied science

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the search for knowledge to solve a defined problem

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example of applied science

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medicine

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technology

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application of knowledge to meet human needs

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scientific theory

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possible explanation of a natural event that has eben extensively tezted

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3 characteristics all theories must possess in order to be valid

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explain observatiobs simply and clearly, experiments and observations that illustrate the theory must be repeatable, must be able to use the theory to predict the behavior of nature

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variable

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the factor that is changed in an experiment

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scientific or natural law

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summary of repeated observations of natural events

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dimensional analysis

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way to convert units

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length

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measure of the straight-line distance b/t 2 points

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mass

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measure of the amount of matter in an object

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volume

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measure of the size of a body or region in 3-dimensional space

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weight

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measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object

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line graph

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used to show trendes in changing data

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independent variable

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determined or controlled by the experimenter and is plotted on the X axis

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dependent variable

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result of the experiment and is usually plotted on the Y axis

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bar graph

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compares data for several individual items or events

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pie chart/graph

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displays parts of a whole usually in percents

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scientific notation

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method of writing very large or small numbers; it uses a number b/t 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10

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precision

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degree of exactness of a measurement; it depends on the smallest graduation on the instrument

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accuracy

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exten to which a measurement approaches a true value; it depends on the calibration or condition of the instrument

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significant figures

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the digits in a measurement that are known with certainty or estimated; depends on the precision of the instrument

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when you use measurement in calculations your answer is only as precise as the

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least precise measurement

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critical thinking

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applying logic and reason to observations and conclusions

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scientific method

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series of logical steps to follow in order to solve problems

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steps int he scientific method

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observe, formulate a question, research & collect data, form a hypothesis, test hypothesis, observation, draw conclusions

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hypothesis

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proposed possible answer to a problem

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S.I. System

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derived from the metric system; uses 7 base units

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length

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L

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mass

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m

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time

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t

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temperature

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T

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electric current

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I

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amount of substance

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n

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luminous intensity

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Iv

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meter

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m (length)

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kilograms

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kg (mass)

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seconds

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s (time)

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kelvin

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K (temperature)

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ampere

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A (electric current)

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mole

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mol (amount of substance)

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candela

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cd (luminous intemsity)

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derived unit

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combination of 2 or more base units

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S.I. uses prefixes that represent

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multiples of ten

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KHDBdcm

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kilo, hecto, deka, base, deci, centi, milli