Unit 1 - Cells & Organelles

Front 1

Prokaryotic organisms

Back 1

Single-celled organisms e.g. bacteria

Front 2

Eukaryotic organisms

Back 2

Multicellular organisms e.g. animal and plant cells

Front 3

Function of Plasma membrane (cell surface membrane)

Back 3

- Regulates movement of substances into+out of cell
- Receptor molecules to respond to chemicals like hormones

Hint 3

Surrounds the cell

Front 4

Function of Cell wall

Back 4

- Supports plant cells

Hint 4

Only in plant cells

Front 5

Function of nucleus

Back 5

- Chromatin made from proteins + DNA (DNA responsible for controlling cell's activities)
- Nucleolus makes ribosomes
- Pores allows substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

Hint 5

3 functions - chromatin, nucleolus and pores all have jobs

Front 6

Function of Lysosome

Back 6

- The containing digestive enzymes:
1. digest invading cells
2. break down worn out components of the cell

Hint 6

Enzymes

Front 7

Function of ribosome

Back 7

- Site where proteins are made

Front 8

Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 8

- Folds + processes proteins (that were produced by the ribosomes)

Hint 8

Think about what the ribosomes are responsible for

Front 9

Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 9

- Synthesises and processes lipids

Front 10

Function of Vesicle

Back 10

- Transports substances in+out of cell and also between organelles
- Formed either by Golgi Apparatus, eR, or at cell surface

Hint 10

Transports

Front 11

Function of Golgi Apparatus

Back 11

- Processes & packages new lipids and proteins
- Makes lysosomes

Front 12

Function of Mitochondrion

Back 12

- Site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced

Hint 12

Animal cells

Front 13

Function of Chloroplast

Back 13

- Site where photosynthesis takes place
- Can take place in grana (stacked thylakoid membranes) or stroma (thick fluid)

Hint 13

Plant cells

Front 14

Function of centriole

Back 14

- Involved with seperation of chromosomes during cell division

Front 15

Function of Cilia

Back 15

- Microtubules allow cilia to move
- This movement allows substances to move along cell surface

Hint 15

Movement

Front 16

Function of Flagellum

Back 16

- Microtubules contract to make flagellum move
- Flagella are like motors allowing cells to propel forward

Hint 16

Think of the sperm cell

Front 17

Structure of Plasma membrane

Back 17

- Made mainly of lipids + proteins
- Found on surface of animal cells and inside cell wall of plant cells

Front 18

Structure of Cell wall

Back 18

- Made mainly of carbohydrate cellulose
- Rigid structure surrounding plant cells

Front 19

Structure of Nucleus

Back 19

- Large organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope (has many pores)
- Nucleus contains chromatin & often a nucleolus

Front 20

Structure of Lysosome

Back 20

- Round shaped
- Surrounded by a membrane
- No clear internal structure

Front 21

Structure of Ribosome

Back 21

- Very small
- Either:
1. floats free in cytoplasm, or
2. attached to rER

Front 22

Structure of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 22

- System of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space
- Surface covered in ribosomes

Front 23

Structure of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 23

- Like rER but has no ribosomes attachrd

Front 24

Structure of Vesicle

Back 24

- Small fluid-filled sac in cytoplasm
- Surrounded by membrane

Front 25

Structure of Golgi Apparatus

Back 25

- Group of fluid-filled sacs
- Vesicles often at edge of sacs

Front 26

Structure of Mitochondrion

Back 26

- Usually oval-shaped
- Double membrane - inner one is folded to form structures called cristae
- Inside is called matrix, contains enyzmes involved in respiration

Front 27

Structure of Chloroplast

Back 27

- Small, flat structure found in plant cells
- Surrounded by double membrane
- Contains thylakoid membrane:
1. grana - stacks of the membrane
2. lamella - thin, flat pieces of membrane linked with grana

Front 28

Structure of Centriole

Back 28

- Small, hollow cylinders
- contains ring of microtubules (tiny protein cylinders)

Front 29

Structure of Cilia

Back 29

- Small, hair-like structures
- Found on surface membrane of some animal cells
- Ring of 9 pairs of microtubules inside, 1 single pair in the middle

Front 30

Structure of Flagellum

Back 30

- Are like cilia but longer
- Stick out from cell surface
- Surrounded by plasma membrane
- Similar to cilia - 9 microtubules pairs, 2 in centre