Unit 1 - Social

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American Dream

Back 1

Lures immigrants to the USA based on the thought of America as a land of plenty, opportunity, and destiny. Immigrants can achieve their dreams through hard work not through their class. One of the first things immigrants through new York see is the statue of liberty.

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Ancien Regime

Back 2

The political system before the French revolution in the 14th century. Had the three estates and the king at the top.

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The three estates of the ancien Régime:

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French society. King at the top. The first estate (the Roman Catholic clergy), the second estate (the nobility), the third estate (serfs and the rest of the population). Established by birth and law.

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Action Democratique du Quebec (ADQ)

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Became the official opposition in the provincial National Assembly in 2007. Sovereignty association. Doesn't require a referendum. Wanted a new name for Quebec. Wanted Quebec to have its own constitution, citizenship, and get rid of Canadian laws they didn't like.

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The first estate:

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The Roman Catholic clergy. About 250 000 people, mostly men. Didn't have to pay taxes. Had political power. The Church owned lots of land in France and were very powerful.

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Secularization

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The historical process in which religion loses social and cultural significance.

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Assimilation

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When a smaller minority group's culture and ways are absorbed into the majority group. They lose their culture as they take on the culture of the majority group.

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Bank of France

Back 8

Started in the year 1800. The bank was created by Napoleon and was part of his plan of being leader of France.

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Bill 101

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An effort to gain sovereignty through the Parti Quebecois. The Charter of the French Language which makes the French language dominant in Quebec including in everyday work, school, communication, at the store, and businesses.

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Bourgeoisie

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The middle class. They demanded change to ancien régime in the 18th century. Resented the first and second estates and the heavy taxes they had to pay. They also didn't have many privileges. This led to the French revolution.

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Canadian coat of arms

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The official coat of arms in Canada. Adopted from the British coat of arms but adapted so that it is more French and Canadian as well.

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Civic nationalism

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Membership participation of individuals in a political group.

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Collective consciousness

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May be shared by a group or nation when its members collectively share similar values, beliefs, and internalized feelings based on their shared experiences. A collective consciousness can develop when the people of a nation focus on their identity as a group rather than on their identities as individuals. Examples like the American revolution, civic war, when the province's were made, the railway, the charter, etc.

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Contending loyalties

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When you join a group, and you have expectations placed on you. Sometimes you have to give up certain loyalties to be loyal to some other things. That's when your loyalties contend.

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Cultural nationalism

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Culture can influence a sense of nationalism among groups. Can appear through shared values, beliefs, traditions, etc.

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Cultural pluralism

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A term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture provided they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society.

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Doukhobors

Back 17

In the 19th century, to populate Canada, Canada put into place a system that provided special privileges for specific religious groups one being the Doukhobors from Russia who faced persecution in their home country. They were promised religious freedom. They do not believe in bearing arms but vontributes money to help victims of war. They refused to fight for Canada, though, and some questioned their loyalty.

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Estates general

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Brings together the representatives from the three estates at the Palace of Versailles. If a meeting of the estates general was called, each estate had one vote. The first and second estates often voted together to overule the third estate. They brought their list of grievances but little was settled because of disagreements.

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Ethnic nationalism

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Members of a nation may share ethnic ties like ancestry, characteristics, family ties, history, language, etc. They have shared experiences.

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Evangeline

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A poem by American Henry Wadsworth Longfellow describing the love of an Acadian girl named Evangeline Bellefontaine for a bot and their separation. Evangeline travels across America looking for her love. Has become a symbol of Acadian history.

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Factors leading to the French revolution

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People began to question the king. They were inspired by the philosophes (French philosophers) that challenged the régime and by the revolution in the US. The bergeousie were unsatisfied and they made up 90% of the population. Also debt which made people question the king.

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Federalists

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A strong central government (the government of a nation-state).

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Feudalism

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Favored the aristocracy and Catholic clergy. Example, the feudal system of France. A pyramid, with the king at the top. Followed by nobles, knights, and then the peasants and serfs.

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Francophone

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A term that refers to people whose first language is French.

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Geographic nationalism

Back 25

When the land someone lives on shapes their nation. Relationship to the land can create a sense of belonging among people. Especially true for First Nations.

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Hutterites

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They have an old fashioned way of life. There was an issue when a hutterite was driving without a picture on his license. But it's part of their culture to refrain from being photographed. They are from Germany and were also encouraged to come to Canada in the 19th century as they were facing persecution in their own countries.

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Linguistic nationalism

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Can shape people's nationalism through a common mode of communication. They are able to share ideas, knowledge, and wisdom and can make conversation.

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Lycees

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Established by Napoleon. The final stage of secondary education in France. Post secondary education separated into lycee general, lycee technologic, and lycee professional.

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Melting pot

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A term that refers to the assimilation of new immigrants into the dominant culture of their new country.

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Mennonites

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To populate Canada in the 19th century, the government provided special privileges for specific religious groups like the Dutch Mennonites who were facing persecution in their country. They were promised religious freedom. They did not believe in bearing arms, but still contributed money tot he victims of war. They refused to fight, though, and some questioned their loyalty. This still goes on today.

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Military services act

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Introduced by prime minister Robert Borden. Caused riots in Quebec. Conscriptions become law and French Canadians were forced to join the armed forces.

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Napoleonic code

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A set of civil laws. Became the basis for the legal systems of many European countries.

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Nation

Back 33

Can be defined as a group of people who feel connections to one another in some way.

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Nation state

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A territory with internationally recognized boundaries and a politically organized body of people under a sovereign government.

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Non nationalist loyalties

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Loyalties to things like religion, region, culture, and race that are not necessarily part of their sense of nationalism towards a nation.

Front 36

Pysanky

Back 36

Ukrainian tradition of decorating Easter eggs using wax and dye.

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Parti Quebecois

Back 37

Founded in 1968 by the uniting of the RIN and MSA. Thought that a more dramatic change was needed. When they won 22% of the popular vote and had seven seats, this led to the October Crisis of 1970.

In 1977, they led refers to gain sovereignty with the first referendum. Also established bill 101.

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Rene Levesque

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Founder of the Parti Quebecois.

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Bloc Quebecois

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Founded on the idea of sovereign Quebec. Broke away from the conservative progressive conservative government. Can never form the federal government. Registered party.

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Reasonable accommodation

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Accommodations made to various minority groups.

Reasonable: It does not affect the safety and security of others.

It does not affect the persons ability to work effectively.

It's not associated with unreasonable costs.

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Religious nationalism.

Back 41

Can give ideas on how a group should live. Members share a system of beliefs and values based on those understandings. Sharing religion can create a sense of nationalism.

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Repatriate

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To send someone back to their own country.

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Royal Commission on Billingualism and Biculturalsim

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Set up by prime minister Lester B. Pearson to report on ways to respond to the growing separatist movement in Quebec. Led to the official languages act (French and English speaking)

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Segregation

Back 44

The action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart.

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Self determination

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A principle whereby a nation is free to decide it's own political allegiance or form of government.

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Sovereignty

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A nation's right to self-government and control over its own jurisdiction that is recognized by other nations.

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American civil war

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The USA became increasingly divided between the southern states (confederation) who owned slaves, and the northern states (the union) who were opposed to slavery. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation proclamation which proclaimed the freedom of slaves. This was a focus of the war.

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Battle of Batoche

Back 48

Declared a historic site in 1923 to commemorate the armed conflict between the Canadian government and the Metis provisional government in 1885 as well as the history and culture of the Metis community.

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Charlottetown accord

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1992. Represent the efforts of the Mulroney government and provincial premiers to amend the constitution to include the interests of Quebec. Would have recognized Quebec as a distinct society. Failed to pass in a national referendum put to the voters in Canada.

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French Revolution

Back 50

Startes in 1789. Demands for change started it. The three estates called themselves the national Assembly stormed bastille and then after the king locked them out, they swore not to disband until France has a constitution (tennis court oath). The national Assembly abolished the feudal system and took over France. They created a declaration to give themselves rights. Woman marches to Versailles to protest the high price of bread and forced the king to stay in Paris. The national Assembly then kept France a monarchy but had a new constitution and the king had limited power. Louis XVI was killed. Marie Antoinette was too. Napoleon rises.

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Jacobins and Girondins

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The Jacobins wanted France to be a republic and the Girondins wanted to maintain the monarchy.

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Reign of terror

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When the national convention executed their perceived enemies of the republic during the French revolution.

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FLQ

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Front de liberation du Quebec. A radical group that trained to gain change through protest and violence. Led to the war measures act which suspended citizens legal rights.

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Inuit

Back 54

A Canadian group from around the Arctic region. They hunt. One of the original groups in Canada.

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Louis Riel

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Led the Metis. Resisted John A. MacDonald attempt to map out Metis territory as part of the Canadian colony. Led to the creation of Manitoba.

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Meech lake accord

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1987. First attempt of the Mulroney government and provincial premiers to amend the constitution to include the interests of Quebec. Would've recognized Quebec as a distinct society. Didn't pass because Newfoundland and Manitoba didn't pass the accord in time.

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Metis

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Begins with the children of First Nations woman and European men who came for the fur trade. Settled in Manitoba mostly.

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Napoleon

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Was a French shoulder that participated int he French revolution. Became the new leader of France after successfully overthrowing the directory. Created a school system, tax system, bank of France, civil laws, road and sewer systems. France became an empire and Napoleon was the first emperor. Expanded French control. His reign ended when he was defeated and executed to an island. Came back for 100 days, then was exiled again.

Front 59

Official languages act

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Became of after the royal commission on Bi and Bi. A response to francophone isolation.

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Quebecois

Back 60

Distinguished francophones of Quebec from francophones elsewhere.

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Quiet revolution

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1960s. Feelings of nationalism shifted. Wanting to reverse the economic and political leadership in Quebec and turning control of the economy to the French speaking citizens of Quebec.

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Red river resistance

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Resisted John A MacDonald's attempt to map out Metis territory. Influenced the creation of Manitoba.

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Yugoslavia

Back 63

Many national groups made it up and they all had different histories. Like the Albanians who weren't very much connected to other nations in Yugoslavia.