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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Chronological
is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time. Consider, for example, the use of a timeline or sequence of events.

Clash of cultures

when two culture met, they both inevitably change. These changes ripple out to affect other cultures.


Fagan's article "cash of cultures"

subdiscipines of anthropology

biological/physical, linguistic, archeology, cultural, applied anthropology

linguistics

he scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, historical-comparative linguistics, and applied linguistics.

glottochronology

is that part of lexicostatistics dealing with the chronological relationship between languages.


ethnography

the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.


ethnology

the study of comparing socities and cultures to each other

Holistic

the whole. anything and everything concerning the study of humans. ex) biology, environment, culture

Ethnocentrism

is the tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own.

cultural relativity

is the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture.

society

the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.

culture

the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.

protoculture

is the passing of behaviours from one generation to another among non-human primates. These cultures are very rudimentary, and do not exhibit complex cultural technology. For example, tool usage is learned between generations within chimpanzee troupes.

socialization

the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customsand ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her own society.

enculturation

the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another culture, etc.

acculturation

is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group.

discovery

the action or process of discovering or being discovered.

invention

the action of inventing something, typically a process or device.

diffusion

is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc

commercialization

is the process or cycle of introducing a new product or production method into the market. Many technologies begin in the laboratory and are not practical for commercial use in their infancy.

modernization

refers to a model of a progressive transition from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society.

globalization

is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.


ex) geinne worm, sushi trade.

localization/ indigenization

is the process of adapting a product or service to a particular language, culture, and desired local "look-and-feel."

shaman

a person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and evil spirits, especially among some peoples of northern Asia and North/south America. Typically such people enter a trance state during a ritual, and practice divination and healing.

mutliculturalism

the co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviours, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles

pluralism

a condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist.

honor killing

interfamily killing or slaughter of allegedly errant females. ex, the raping of a girl in oman witch led to her murder and the case in pakistan that Merry talks about involving a women being raped by four men for alleged rations with a 10 yea old boy.

maori

natives of new zeland


polenisians


facial tattos


warrior society


preserved heads by smoking


hypocritically paid to collect heads for western cultures.

intellectual property rights

are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time. more specifically regarding to western culture taking shaman medicine practices and claiming it of their own.

archeology

the study of material objects ignored to describe an explain human behavior

universal unilinear evolution

WRONG all societies go through the same three stages: savagery, barbarism, civilization

five characteristics of culture

1)uniquely human


2)integrates and involves everything


3)culture is learned


4)provides a mean of meeting biological and social needs


5)all cultures change


tiwi

australian aboriginals the catholic priest tried to convert but had difficulty until they were covert. the traded pots and pans for little girl they raised as good catholic girls. they intern married you men and helped to convert the rest of the community. baby bargining

6 ways culture always changes

1) discovery


2)invetnion


3) diffusion


4)acculturization


5) rebellions and revolts


6)cultural loss


3 ways culture changes in the modern world

1) comertalization


2) modernization


3) revitalization

clash of cultures reading

Brian Fagan, prologue.

participant observation on a motorcycle

andrew cornish, motorcycle accident in thailand, the locals settled the dispute without police involvement.

coping with culture clash

Versi, ethnocentrism in business, africa time vs, western time, diversity awarness

shamans, reading

Plotkin, ayawaska, searching south american for new drugs by following the shaman's lead before that knowledge dies out.


new spirits for old

shoefoot, a yanamomo shaman that saw the error of his understanding of medicine and religion and converts to christianity. example of acculturation,

Krieger and whitehead

enthocentrism, whitehead thought his skin color would allow him to better study the people go kingston jamaca. they didn't see him as black.


postpardum sex taboo

due to protein defitincey and the disease kwospakior, some cultures have an aversion to sex after birth that can last years. this is so one child will get all the necessary nutrition from the mother.