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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chronological
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is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time. Consider, for example, the use of a timeline or sequence of events.
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Clash of cultures |
when two culture met, they both inevitably change. These changes ripple out to affect other cultures. Fagan's article "cash of cultures" |
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subdiscipines of anthropology |
biological/physical, linguistic, archeology, cultural, applied anthropology |
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linguistics |
he scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, historical-comparative linguistics, and applied linguistics. |
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glottochronology |
is that part of lexicostatistics dealing with the chronological relationship between languages.
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ethnography |
the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.
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ethnology |
the study of comparing socities and cultures to each other |
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Holistic |
the whole. anything and everything concerning the study of humans. ex) biology, environment, culture |
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Ethnocentrism |
is the tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own. |
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cultural relativity |
is the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. |
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society |
the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community. |
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culture |
the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group. |
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protoculture |
is the passing of behaviours from one generation to another among non-human primates. These cultures are very rudimentary, and do not exhibit complex cultural technology. For example, tool usage is learned between generations within chimpanzee troupes. |
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socialization |
the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customsand ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her own society. |
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enculturation |
the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another culture, etc. |
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acculturation |
is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group. |
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discovery |
the action or process of discovering or being discovered. |
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invention |
the action of inventing something, typically a process or device. |
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diffusion |
is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc |
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commercialization |
is the process or cycle of introducing a new product or production method into the market. Many technologies begin in the laboratory and are not practical for commercial use in their infancy. |
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modernization |
refers to a model of a progressive transition from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society. |
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globalization |
is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. ex) geinne worm, sushi trade. |
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localization/ indigenization |
is the process of adapting a product or service to a particular language, culture, and desired local "look-and-feel." |
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shaman |
a person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and evil spirits, especially among some peoples of northern Asia and North/south America. Typically such people enter a trance state during a ritual, and practice divination and healing. |
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mutliculturalism |
the co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviours, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles |
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pluralism |
a condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist. |
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honor killing |
interfamily killing or slaughter of allegedly errant females. ex, the raping of a girl in oman witch led to her murder and the case in pakistan that Merry talks about involving a women being raped by four men for alleged rations with a 10 yea old boy. |
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maori |
natives of new zeland polenisians facial tattos warrior society preserved heads by smoking hypocritically paid to collect heads for western cultures. |
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intellectual property rights |
are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time. more specifically regarding to western culture taking shaman medicine practices and claiming it of their own. |
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archeology |
the study of material objects ignored to describe an explain human behavior |
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universal unilinear evolution |
WRONG all societies go through the same three stages: savagery, barbarism, civilization |
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five characteristics of culture |
1)uniquely human 2)integrates and involves everything 3)culture is learned 4)provides a mean of meeting biological and social needs 5)all cultures change
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tiwi |
australian aboriginals the catholic priest tried to convert but had difficulty until they were covert. the traded pots and pans for little girl they raised as good catholic girls. they intern married you men and helped to convert the rest of the community. baby bargining |
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6 ways culture always changes |
1) discovery 2)invetnion 3) diffusion 4)acculturization 5) rebellions and revolts 6)cultural loss
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3 ways culture changes in the modern world |
1) comertalization 2) modernization 3) revitalization |
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clash of cultures reading |
Brian Fagan, prologue. |
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participant observation on a motorcycle |
andrew cornish, motorcycle accident in thailand, the locals settled the dispute without police involvement. |
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coping with culture clash |
Versi, ethnocentrism in business, africa time vs, western time, diversity awarness |
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shamans, reading |
Plotkin, ayawaska, searching south american for new drugs by following the shaman's lead before that knowledge dies out.
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new spirits for old |
shoefoot, a yanamomo shaman that saw the error of his understanding of medicine and religion and converts to christianity. example of acculturation, |
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Krieger and whitehead |
enthocentrism, whitehead thought his skin color would allow him to better study the people go kingston jamaca. they didn't see him as black.
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postpardum sex taboo |
due to protein defitincey and the disease kwospakior, some cultures have an aversion to sex after birth that can last years. this is so one child will get all the necessary nutrition from the mother. |