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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the rules that govern the grammar of a language?
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Syntactic rules
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version 1- Hey Sally, yesterday was ridiculous and fun. Isn't the word....
version 2-Hey sally, yesterday was ridiculous. And fun isn't the word... These two versions illustrate the importance of what? |
Syntax
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Is "I be angry" ungrammatical speech?
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Not necessarily, the speech may just be following a different set of syntactic rules, in AAE (African American English) the verb "to be" is treated differently.
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Definition - Statements that contain or imply the word "is" lead to the mistaken assumption that people are consistent and unchanging.
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Static Evaluation
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Definition - A linguistic device used to reduce static evaluation
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Subscripting
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"Annie is difficult" is an example of?
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Static Evaluation
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This language is vague, used as verbal shorthand sometimes, and can lead to stereotyping
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Abstract Language
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"Academic advisors are useless" is an example of?
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Abstract language
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This language refers to specific things people say or do, and is better to use when talking about problems, goals, requests, and sometimes appreciation.
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Behavioral language
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"Thank you"--> "Thank you for cleaning"---> "Thank you for cleaning the house after the party." This illustrates the:
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Abstraction Ladder
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What are the Semantic Rules?
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These rules reflect the ways in which users of a language assign meaning to a particular linguistic symbol, usually a word. (Adler 159) They make it possible for us to understand and agree that “cars” are for driving and “food” is for eating. Without these rules, communication would be impossible because every person would use symbols in their own unique ways, and they would not share a common meaning.
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What is equivocal language?
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This consists of statements that have more than one commonly accepted definition. Many misunderstandings can arise because people may interpret these sayings in different ways than others. Some examples from Looking Out, Looking In include: “Family Catches Fire Just in Time”, “Trees Can Break Wind”, and “20-Year Friendship Ends at the Alter”. These were all newspaper headlines at one point. As you can see, people may get different ideas of these headlines depending on how they read them. This vocabulary term relates to semantic rules because it deals with how people assign meanings to words.
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What is relative language?
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This vocabulary term relates to semantic rules. These statements gain meaning by comparison. For example, is it warm or cool outside? This depends on what you compare it to. If you are from Alaska and its 50 degrees outside, it might be warm to you. However, if it is 50 degrees in Florida (where its normally much warmer) it might not be so warm to you. Other examples include words such as fast and slow, smart and stupid, short and long. These can only be defined through comparison and using these terms without explaining can lead to communication problems.
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What do pragmatic rules help us with?
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• help to govern the way our speech operates in everyday interactions
• helps to decide how to interpret messages in a given context - views held in cultures differ between each other - differs among genders too |
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The following is an example of what?:
• In American and Canada “Would you like a drink?” ----refers to an alcoholic drink “Would you like something to drink? ----refers to non-alcoholic/alcoholic drinks |
Cultural Differences
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What is the following an example of?:
• Men vs. Women “You go girl!”---- women say that to other women to show power and pride ----- when men say that to women it is condescending |
Difference in Gender
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