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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what is environmental science?
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study of how humans interact with the environment
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what are the goals of environmental science?
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to understandand solveenvironmental problems,
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what are the two types of interactions between humansand the environment?
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use of natural resouces
how our actions alter our environment. |
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ecology
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is the study of how living things interact with interact with their nonliving environment.
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agriculture
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The science, art, and business of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock, farming
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natural resource
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Something, such as a forest, a mineral deposit, or fresh water, that is found in nature and is necessary or useful to humans. See more at nonrenewable, renewable.
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pollution
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the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment
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what is ecology footprint
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something which has permanently damaged or had a negative impression the environment; the impact of humans on ecosystems created by their overuse of land, water, and other natural resources
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sustainablilty
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the conditionin which humans needs are met in such a way that a human population can survive indefinitely
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what is a hunter- gather?
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people who obtain food by collecting plants, and by hunting wild animals or scavengering, their remains.
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how do hunters- gathers affect their environment?
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native americans tribes hunted bison, which live in grasslands, they set fire to burn the prairies, prevent the growth of trees. kept grassland and spread plants to places they would not have been otherwise.
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in us what negative thing happened as a result of hunter gathers?
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extrinction of species form overhunting.
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what are some examples of animals that were overhunted and became extinct?
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giant sloths, giant bison, masodons, cave bearr, sabor toothed cats,
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what is the agricultural revolution/
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the practice that had a huge impact on human socityand their environment.
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what is the industrial revoluton?
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when animal water power, running water are replaced by fossil fuel>
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lwhat positve changes occured as result of the industrial revolution?
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improved agriculture, industry, and transportation. medical industry, sanitation, and nutrition.
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how did the industrial revolution change negatively effect the environment?
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pollution, habitit lost.
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What has the increase use of artificial substances such as fertilizer, artificial pesticides, plastics during the industrial revolution has caused
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porblems with the environment that is much of what environamental scientist are mostly working on today.
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why is the earth called spacehip earth or a closed system?
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the only thing that enters the earth is the energy from the sun, and the only thing that leaves is large amounts of heat.
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What our 3 main environmental problems?
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resource depletion
pollution loss of biodiversity |
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What is a natural resourse?
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Any natural material that is used by humans (renewable and non renewable resources)
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What is a renewable resource?
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a resource that replaced relatively quickly
fresh water, air, soil, trees, crops |
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What is a renewable resource?
examples |
a resource that replaced relatively quickly
fresh water, air, soil, trees, crops |
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what are non renewable resources?
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forms a a much slower rate then the rate is it consumed.
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when is resources considered depleted?
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whenre a large fraction of resource is used up. that can be renewable and nonrewable resources.
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What is pollution?
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is an undesired change in air, water, or soil that adversely effects health, survivalor activities of humans or other organisms.
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What are the 2 types of pollution?
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biodegradable
nondegradable |
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what is biodegradable?
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pollutants that are broken by natural processes
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What are some biodegradable resorces?
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human sewage, stack of newspaper,
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What are nonodegradable resorces?
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pollutants that cannot be broken down by natural resources.
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What are some examples of non dergradable pollutants?
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mercury, lead, some types of plastic.
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what is the loss of biodiversity?
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refers to the number and variety of species that live in an area.
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What were the commons in Hardins essay?
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they are areas of land who belonged to whole village.Anyone could graze their animals there. Some people would overgraze the commons.the animals ruined the grass.then everyone suffered.
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What is the tragedy of the commons?
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an essay written by hardin he argued the main difficulty in solving environmental problems is the conflict between the short term interestdof individuals and the long term welform of society.
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what is supply and demand?
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1 basic rule of conomics.the greater the demand the more something costs.
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what is a cost-benefit analysis?
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it balances the cost of action against the benefits that are expected.
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what is a risk assessment?
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it is a tool that helps creat cost efffective ways to protect our health and our environment. people have to assess if the risk is worth the benefit.
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What are developed nations?
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have higher levels of income.
slower population growth diverse industrial economies stronger support systems. |
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what is a developing country?
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lower incomes
simple / agriculturally based economies rapid population growth |
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What are 2 root causes of environmental problems?
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populationof people grows faster the local environment can support
people are using up wasting or polluting resources faster then they can be replaced. |
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What are developed countries?
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canada usa,japan west europe.
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What are examples of developing nations?
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mexico, malaysia, brazil
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experimental method
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it is a series of steps that scientist worldwide use to identify and answer questions.
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first step is observing
then hypothesis and predicting then experimenting |
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what are the steps of experimental method?
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observing
hypothesis/ predicting experimenting organizing and analizing data drawing conclusion repeating experiments communicating results |
steps of science experiments
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what happens in the observation phase of the experimental method
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it is a piece of information ur we gather using our senses.
or tools such as rulers, microscopes observations can come from drawings /photographs |
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hypothesis
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is a testable explanation of the observation
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experimental method
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prediction
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a logical statement about what wihat will happen if the hypothesis is correct.
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experimental method
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experiment
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is a procedure designed to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions
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experimental method
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variable
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is the factor of interest
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experimental method
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experimental group
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the group that recieves the experimental treatment
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experimental method
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control group
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the group that does not receive the treatment
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experimental method
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data
How is it organized? |
the information that is gathered in number form.
organized on graphs (bar0 |
scintific method
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drawing conclusions
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analized the data, comparing the outcome of the experiment with their prediction
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experimental method
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repeating the experiment
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sometimes experiments have to be repeated several times before scientist are convienced or the results
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experimental method
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correlations method
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is a method scientist use to answer a question whenit is impossiable or unethical to test they look at reliable associations.
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scintific method
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What are the habits of scientist?
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curiosity
skeptism open to new ideas intelectual honesty imagination and creativity |
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statistics
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it is the collection and classifcationof datathat are in the form of numbers.
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mean
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is the number obtained by adding up the data for a given characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals.
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distribution
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the pattern that the bars create when viewed as a whole.
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probabilty
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it is the chance that something will happen.
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sample
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it is a group of individuals that were selected to represent the population
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what is risk? 41
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it is the probability of an unwante outcome.
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a student has 1 in 4 chance of of failing a class.
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what are models? 42
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representives of objects
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what are physical models?
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they are 3-D models you can touch.
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DNA structure example of model
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what is a graphical model?
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maps and charts are the most common
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map of myrtle beach is a
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What is a conceptual model?
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it is a verbal or graphical explanation, or a drawing
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flow chart is an example of this
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what is a mathmatical model?
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1 or more equations that represents the way a system or process works.
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if you have hay in a barn. every day you notice that two more are covered in mold.
math model= Mtue=Mmon + 2 M = moldy hay |
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What are the 4 types of model?
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physical, graphical, at is the decisiconceptual,mathmatical
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What is the decision making process?
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it ia a conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions
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gather information> consider values> explore consequences>make a decision
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What are the 4 steps in a decision making process?
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gather information>consider values>explore consequences>make a decision
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In the decision making model, what is gathering?
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get infomation from different sources, tv web, books ect
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,In the decision making model, what is considering values?
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a person will look at their values, weigh the pros and cons, and keep on mind the pros and cons.
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What makes up the earth?
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rock, air ,water,all living things
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What 4 parts do scientist divide the earth into?
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geosphere (rock)
atmosphere (air) hydrosphere (water) biosphere (living things) |
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What is geosphere?
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the solid part of the earth that consists of all rocks and sediments on the surface
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What is the atmosphere/
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It is a mixture of gases that makes up the air we breathe.
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What is the hydrosphere?
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the water
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What is the biosphere?
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Where life exists atmosphere, geosohere, hydrosphere.
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How do scientist called seimotologists study the earth,s interior?
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seismic waves
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What are the 3 layers that the earth is made of based on the composition of each layer called?
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crust, mantle, core
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what is the earths thinner outer layer called when taking about the composition.
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crust
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What is the middle layer of the earth called when talking about the composition?
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middle= mantle
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What is the composition of the mantle?
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it is 64% of the earth composed of rocks of medium denisty.
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What is the inner most layer of the earth called according to composition.
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core composed of the densesist elements.
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What five layers is the earth divided into based on physical properties?
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lithosphere
asthenonphere mesosphere outer core inner core |
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what are the physical properties of the lithosphere?
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cool, consists of the crust and the ridid part of the mantle. made of tectonic plates
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What are the physical properties of asthenospere?
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solid plastic layer of the between the lithosphere and the mesospere. made of mantle rock that flows slowly.which allows the tectonic plates to move on top of it>
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What properties make the mesophere?
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middle sphere bottom parts of the mantle.
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What are the physical properties of the outer core?
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nickle and iron
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