Understanding Diagnostictests In The Childbearing Year By Anne Frye

Front 1

What is tested in a Complete Blood Count? (7)

Back 1

1. Red blood cell count(RBC)
2. Total white blood cell count (WBC)
3.hemoglobin
4.hematocrit
5. Red blood cell indices
6. Platelet count
7. differential WBC

Front 2

RBC: What are normal values? What is the most common diagnosis with low RBC? What are two more serious conditions associated with low RBC?

Back 2

3.6-5
Most commonly iron deficient anemia
Other conditions : pernicious anemia and Thalassemia major

Front 3

MCV -mean corpuscular volume : what does it describe and what is a normal range?

Back 3

MCV describes the size of individual red blood cells, used to classify anemias. Normal range: 82-98

Front 4

What is mean corpuscular hemoglobin? Normal range?

Back 4

"The average concentration of he.oglobin in a red blood cell."
Range: 26-34
p. 97 & p. 102

Front 5

What is MCHC -Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration?

Back 5

"The concentration of hemoglobin in an average RBC. " P. 97

Front 6

What is hematocrit? Normal value?

Back 6

"Hematocrit is the number of RBCs in a given volume of blood (roughly the hemoglobin ×3)." Pp. 97-98.
Normal value: 30-36.

Front 7

A platelet co t may also be called a ____________ count.

Back 7

Thrombocyte

Front 8

What do platelets do?
What is the normal range in a blood test?

Back 8

Platelets play a role in lood clotting. P.98
range: 140-400.103

Front 9

White Blood Cells (WBCs) are also called _____________.

Back 9

Leukocytes. P.104

Front 10

Complete Blood Count: White Blood Cell Differential: There are over 30 types of WBCs. List several that are commonly tested for in a CBC.

Back 10

Neutrophils, Monocytes, Eosinophils,Basophils,

Front 11

Overall WBCs increase or decrease during pregnancy?

Back 11

Increases dramatically.

Front 12

Urinalysis: Blood. What are the two most likely causes for blood in the urine? Blood in the urine is also called _____.

Back 12

Bloody vaginal secretions and UTI. Blood in the urine is also called hematuria. pp. 41-42

Front 13

Urinalysis: Bilirubin. Pathology of what two organs are likely to result in bilirubin in the urine?

Back 13

The liver and the gallbladder/bile duct. p. 40

Front 14

Urinalysis: Urobilinogen: What is a normal finding for urobilinogen?

Back 14

Trace p. 41

Front 15

Urinalysis: Urobilinogen: With what disorder would you find low or absent urobilinogen?

Back 15

Gallstones or intrahepatic cholestasis, idicating obstruction in the bile duct. p. 41

Front 16

Urinalysis: Ketones. Ketonuria occurs under what conditions in non-diabetic women?

Back 16

Dehydration or calorie defecit. The body produces ketones as a by-product of burning fat for fuel instead of glucose and glycogen. pp. 42-43

Front 17

Urinalysis: ph. Normal ph is
a. neutral
b. slightly acid
c. slighty alkaline

Back 17

b. slightly acid on average ph 5 to 6.

Front 18

Urinalysis: What are nitrites? The presence of nitrites suggest what?

Back 18

"Nitrites are a by-product of the breakdown of common...bacteria...Nitrite testing is helpful in monitoring a known UTI or catching one the is just begining." p. 46

Front 19

Urinalysis: Leukocytes. Define and discuss.

Back 19

Leukocytes test for white blood cells, which may indicate an active UTI, however false positives are common in pregnancy. p. 46

Front 20

Urinalysis: Glucose: What might it indicate (2)?

Back 20

May indicate that the woman has recently consumed something very sugary. If glucosuria occurs repeatedly, or early ijn pregnancy or in the presence of other symptoms, she should have her blood glucose levels checked and be screen for Gestational Diabetes. pp. 39-40

Front 21

Urinalysis: Protein. Proteinuria is an early or late sign of toxemia?

Back 21

Proteinuria is a late sign, "doesn't appear until the disorder is affecting kidney function, which is usually when blood volume has reached a critical low. p. 38.

Front 22

Rubella: What are the risk to the fetus when the mother conotracts Rubella in pregnancy?

Back 22

"Deafness is the most common problem, appearing in 60-70% of those affected. Overall heart defects, affect 10-20%" Also ears, central nervous system abnormalities. Typpes of anomalies may be depentdent on the time in gestation the mother contracts the illness. pp. 725-726

Front 23

What STI is often asymptomatic in women?

Back 23

Gonorrhea

Front 24

List potential complications and adverse events that may happen during pregnancy, birth, postpartum, to mom and fetus/baby when the mom has gonorrhea?(6)

Back 24

1, blindness
2. systemic infection in the newborn (rare) p. 616
3.preterm labor
4. prolonged rupture of membranes
5. chorioamnionitis
6.postpartum infection
jp. 616

Front 25

Treatments for minor eye irritations in the newborn not caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia.(3)

Back 25

1. breastmilk
2. chamomile tea with a pinch of powdered goldenseal
3. opthamlmic antibiotic ointments p. 624

Front 26

The most common STI _____.

Back 26

Chlamydia p. 568

Front 27

Which two STIs are often asymptomatic?

Back 27

1. chlamydia (85% asymptomatic in women, p. 568)
2. gonorrhea (80% asymptomatic in women)

Front 28

30%-50% of babies exposed to chlamydia will develop______.

Back 28

conjunctivitis p. 571 "most untreated cases of chlamydia eye infection resolve by themselves and blindness is rare," p. 572

Front 29

What is HBsag?

Back 29

hepatitis B surface antigen. It is screened for in most prenatal labwork to detect Hepatitis B.

Front 30

List several groups at risk for Hep B. (Frye lists 10)

Back 30

southeast Asian or sub saharan Africans, IV drug use, STI, multiple sexual partners, health care workers, household or sexual contact with HB carrier, history of blood transfusion, in prison, dialysis, being born to a HBsAg positive mother. (p. 633)

Front 31

HBV transmission: list several ways that HBV may be transmitted.

Back 31

mother to child at birth, blood transfusions, open wounds, sharing razors toothbrushes etc, unprotected sex, needle sharing, tatooing or piercing. p. 633

Front 32

What are two risks of acute HBV infection during pregnancy to the fetus or mother?

Back 32

1. miscarriage in the first trimester
2. preterm labor
p. 637

Front 33

True or False: Breastfeeding is risk factor for HBV transmission.

Back 33

False. As long as nipples aren't bleeding, breastfeeding should not transmit HBV. p. 637