Uncc Anatomy 2 Chapter 17

Front 1

Classes on Chemical Messengers (4)

Back 1

Autocrine, Paracrine, Neurotransmitter, Endocrine chemical messengers(hormones)

Front 2

Autocrine

Back 2

released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood (ex:somatostatin)

Front 3

Paracrine

Back 3

released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood(ex: somatostatin)

Front 4

Neurotransmitter

Back 4

produced by neurons and secreted into extracellular spaces by presynaptic nerve terminals; travels short distances; influences post synaptic cells(ex: Ach)

Front 5

Endocrine chemical messengers(hormones)

Back 5

type of intercellular signal. Produced by cells of endocrine glands, enter circulatory system, and affect distant cells(ex:estrogen)

Front 6

Characteristics of the Endocrine system

Back 6

The endocrine system includes glands and specialized endocrine cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Front 7

Hormone

Back 7

A chemical messenger that is: produced in small quantities, secreted into intercellular space, transported some distance in circulatory system. Acts on target tissues elsewhere in body

Front 8

Similarities of Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Back 8

Both associated with the brain(ex: hypothalamus and epithalamus)
May use same chemical messenger as neurotransmitter and hormone(ex: epinephrine)
Nervous system secretes neurohormones into circulatory system
Some parts of endocrine system innervated directly by nervous system

Front 9

Differences of Nervous and Endocrine Systems:
Mode of transport

Back 9

Nervous: Axon
Endocrine: Blood

Front 10

Differences of Nervous and Endocrine Systems:
Speed of response

Back 10

Nervous: instant/milliseconds
Endocrine: delayed/seconds

Front 11

Characteristics of Hormones

Back 11

Hormones have several characteristics in common: stability, communication, and distribution

Front 12

Stability-Half-life

Back 12

The length of time it takes for half of a does of substance to be eliminated from the circulatory system

Front 13

Long Half-life

Back 13

regulate activities that remain at a constant rate through time(ex: cortisol)

Front 14

Short half-life

Back 14

water soluble hormones(ex: proteins, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Front 15

Hormone Communication

Back 15

interaction with target cell

Front 16

Differences of Nervous and Endocrine Systems:
Duration of response

Back 16

Nervous: milliseconds/seconds
Endocrine: minutes/days

Front 17

Hormone Distribution

Back 17

Hormones dissolve in blood plasma and are transported in unbound or are reversibly bound to plasma proteins.
Hormones are distributed quickly because they circulate in the blood

Front 18

Chemical categories of Hormones(2)

Back 18

lipid soluble and water-soluble

Front 19

Lipid-soluble hormones

Back 19

Include steroids, thyroid hormones, and some fatty acid derivatives.
-Most lipid-soluble hormones are transported bound to binding proteins

Front 20

Water-soluble hormones

Back 20

Include proteins, peptides, and amino acid derivatives.
-water-soluble hormones circulate freely in the blood.

Front 21

Patterns of Hormone Secretion(3)

Back 21

Chronic, acute, and episodic

Front 22

Chronic Hormone Secretion

Back 22

results in hormones whose circulating levels are relatively constant(ex: thyroid)

Front 23

Acute Hormone Secretion

Back 23

Results in hormone levels that can vary dramatically(ex: epinephrine)

Front 24

Episodic Hormone Secretion

Back 24

Results in a cyclic pattern of hormone release(ex: female reproductive hormones)

Front 25

Stimulation of Hormone Release(3)

Back 25

Humoral, neural and hormonal

Front 26

Humoral Stimulation

Back 26

Exhibited by hormones that are sensitive to circulating blood levels of certain molecules, such as calcium or glucose

Front 27

Neural Stimulation

Back 27

cause hormone secretion in direct response to action potentials in neurons, as occurs during stress or exercise. (ex: ADH or oxytocin)

Front 28

Hormonal Stimulation

Back 28

Control of secretory activity of one endocrine gland by hormone or neurohormone secreted by another endocrine gland. (ex: thyroid)

Front 29

Action of Nuclear Receptors

Back 29

-Proteins in cytoplasm or nucleus
-Hormones bind with intracellular receptor and create receptor-hormone complex
-The hormone receptor complex activates genes, which in turn activate the DNA to produce mRNA
-The mRNA increases the synthesis of certain proteins that produce the target cell's response.
(ex: Aldosterone, diagram p. 594)