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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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polyzoic
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consisting of more than one proglottid (describes strobila)
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A. caninum (a Nematode) may cause creeping eruption or __________.
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cutaneous larval migrans
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What is used to treat creeping eruption?
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mebendazole and Chenopodium ambrosides
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Hookworm immunology includes:
1. 2. 3. |
1. AcAP - A. caninum anticoagulant peptide
2. NIF - neutrophil inhibiting factor 3. SODs - superoxide dimutases |
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What are the pathological phases of hookworm disease (from Ancylostoma caninum and A. duodenale)?
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1. Cutaneous - ground itch (from inflammation)
2. Pulmonary - coughing 3. Intestinal - lethargy, pale gums (from anemia) |
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What is the human-specific pathology of hookworm disease?
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Eosinophilic enteritis - causes abdominal pain due to eos releasing cytotoxic proteins that damage intestinal lining
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What are the routes of migration (in host) of a Strongylida?
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1. Tracheo-esophageal
2. Alimentary 3. Somatic 4. Transmammary migration |
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What is hypobiosis?
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arrested state of development with a seasonal basis
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What are the functions of hypobiosis?
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Environmental conditions
Maximize fecundity |
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Which hookworm species causes 95% of US infections?
How did it get here? |
Necator americanus;
brought during slave trade |
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What's the epidemiology of pin worm transmission?
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Oxyuridomorpha, Enterobius vermicularis, is transmitted by
1. Handling of infected clothing 2. Retroinfection 3. Airborne transmission (eggs only) |
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What disease does E. vermicularis cause? What are the symptoms?
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Enterobiasis;
Usually asymptomatic, but ulcerations and rectal bleeding occur with heavy infection. |
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What drug(s) is/are used to treat enterobiasis?
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Mebendazole
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What are some characteristics of Oxyuridomorphs?
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Only known endoparasites to engage in haplodiploidy; Parasite of the colon of arthropods and vertebrates
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What is haplodiploidy?
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Males develop from unfertilized eggs; Females develop from fertilization
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What is the infective stage of E. vermicularis?
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J3 larva
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What is the infective stage of A. caninum?
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J3 larva
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What is the purpose of Renette cells in nematodes?
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1. Osmoregulation
2. Excretion 3. Enzymes for ecdysis |
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What is notable about nematode sperm?
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They are aflagellate (ameboid)
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What is the "mouth" of a nematode called?
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Buccal capsule (with buccal teeth)
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What is an amphid? Where is it located?
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Amphid is a cephalic sense organ that is chemo- and thermosensitive. They are found on the "face" of nematodes.
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What is notable about the cross section of the nematode pharynx?
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Lumen is y-shaped (triradiate); opening forms suction/peristaltic waves during feeding
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4 layers of Nematode cuticle:
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1. Basal
2. Median 3. Cortical zone 4. Epicuticle |
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Functions of nematode cuticle:
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1. Hydrostatics
2. Protection from -toxins -digestive enzymes -abrasion -antibodies |
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Physiology of molting has 4 steps:
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1. Neuroendocrine singnal
2. NHR-23 released 3. Activates gene expression in epidermis to molt old cuticle 4. More gene expression leads to prod. of new cuticle 4. Expression causes molting |
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What is a hypodermis?
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An epidermis overlayed by cuticle
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What does taurine do?
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regulates brain osmoprotection (prevents dehydration of brain cells)
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What does Wnt do in nematomorphs?
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signaling protein; important in the development of insect nervous systems
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