Umkc Gross Anatomy Exam 4

Front 1

What covers the slick surfaces of synovial joints?

Back 1

Hyaline cartilage

Front 2

In synovial joints, what are the 2 functions of normal hyaline cartilage?

Back 2

1. Absorbs shock (protects joint from bone to bone contact)
2. Provides relatively frictionless surface

Front 3

The degeneration of articular cartilage with age or injury results in what 2 things?

Back 3

1. Cracking, chiping, or wearing of cartilage
2. Pain from uncovered bone or cartilage spurs lodged in joint.

Front 4

a. Why doesn't cartilage heal very well?
b. What does bone have that cartliage doesn't have?

Back 4

a. Poor vasculature supply
b. Cartilage= no sensory innervation, but bone does have sensory innervaton

Front 5

Epiphyses grows intially on ___ ______- subsequently only on _______ _________ the __________ _______.

Back 5

Epiphyses grows intially on ALL SURFACES- subsequently only on SURFACES FACING the EPIPHYSEAL PLATE.

Front 6

Functional significance of Epiphyses: (4)

Back 6

functional significance:
1. Characteristic of birds and mammals.
2. Rapid complex movements.
3. Hard precise joint movement.
4. Allows for precision during growth process.

Front 7

Clinical Significance of Epiphyses: (2)

Back 7

clinical significance:
1. Can be dislocated prior to fusion.
2. Long bone growth discontinues when fusion of epiphyseal plate occurs.

Front 8

Pectoral Girdle has ___ mobility and ____ stability than the pelvic girdle.

Back 8

Pectoral Girdle has MORE mobility and LESS stability than the pelvic girdle.

Front 9

The only bony joint connecting the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton

Back 9

Sternoclavicular Joint

Front 10

A conceptual "joint" between the scapula and the axial skeleton maintained by muscles only. (trap and lats)

Back 10

"Scapulothoracic Joint"

Front 11

What bone is "S" shaped, concave forward at lateral end and convex forward at medial end?

Back 11

Clavicle

Front 12

Funtions of the clavicle: (2)

Back 12

1. As a strut (holds upper limb away from body)
2. Transmits shock from upper limb to axial skeleton.

Front 13

Sternoclavicular joint at the ____ end of the clavicle articulates with the _________ and _______.

Back 13

Sternoclavicular joint at the -MEDIAL- end of the clavicle articulates with the: MANUBRIUM and STERNUM

Front 14

Acromiovlacicular joint at the _____ end of the clavicle articulates with the _______ of the _________.

Back 14

Acromiovlacicular joint at the -LATERAL- end of the clavicle articulates with the: ACROMION of the SCAPULA.

Front 15

a. The most common broken/fractured bone in body?
b. Where does the fracture occur & result in?

Back 15

a. Clavicle
b. Middle 1/3 and Fracture results in lateral fragment dropping with weight of the arm

Front 16

What overlies ribs2-7 posteriorly?

Back 16

Scapula

Front 17

Place on Scapula that is the site of attachment (orgin) of the Subscapularis muscle? Where on the scapula is it?

Back 17

Subscapular Fossa on scapula (very thin depression, on anterior view of scapula)

Front 18

Place on Scapula that is the site of attachment (orgin) of the Suprapinatus muscle? Where on the scapula is it?

Back 18

Supraspinous fossa
(sup. & medial to spin of scapula...view from post.)

Front 19

Place on Scapula that is the site of attachment (orgin) of the Infraspinatus muscle? Where on the scapula is it?

Back 19

Infraspinous fossa
(below the spine, on post. view of scapula)

Front 20

The Spine of the Scapula functions as the attachment site for what 2 muscles?

Back 20

1. Trapezius (insertion)
2. Deltoid (Orgin)

Front 21

What is the acomion process of the scapula and what muscle attaches here?

Back 21

Acromion process is an extension of the spine of the scapula.. The Deltoid has a site of attachment (orgin) on it.

Front 22

Coracoid Process is on the ___ side and has 3 muscle attachments:

Back 22

Coracoid process- anterior side
3 Attachment Muscles:
1. Short head of Biceps (O)
2. Coracobrachialis (O)
3. Pectoralis Minor (I)

Front 23

What articulates with head of humerus... very shallow, easy to dislocate?

Back 23

Glenoid cavity

Front 24

Long head of Biceps Brachii attaches (orgin)?

Back 24

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Front 25

Long Head of Tracips Brachii attaches (orgin)?

Back 25

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Front 26

What is the large ball with lots of mobility that is covered with hylanine cartilage on humerus called/

Back 26

Head of Humerus

Front 27

Fractures of humerus at _____ ____ result from?

Back 27

Fractures of humerus at SURGICAL NECK results from falls on the elbow when the arm is ABducted.

Front 28

What may be damaged when fracturing the surgical neck of humerus?

Back 28

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral A.

Front 29

Why are the greater and lesser tubercle significant?

Back 29

They are were the muscles of the rotator cuff attach to.

Front 30

The depressed area between tubercles,& contains tendon of long head of biceps

Back 30

Intertubercular groove

Front 31

Long part of humerus

Back 31

shaft

Front 32

Place that has a scar where deltoid muscle attaches- the bigger the deltoid, the bigger the scar... anteriolateral side?

Back 32

Deltoid tuberosity

Front 33

Associated w/radial nerve, no muscle intervining between radial nerve and bone. So fracture here effecting nerve results in?

Back 33

This is the Radial Groove and fracture here effecting the nerve results in no movement of fingers.
(RADIAL N. and Profunda Brachii N.)

Front 34

Place where forearm flexor muscles attach ( flex wrist and fingers). - more palipated and Ulnar n. runs in groove post.

Back 34

Medial Epipcondyle

Front 35

Site of attachment for Forearm extensors that extend wrists and fingers:

Back 35

Lateral Epipcondyle

Front 36

Where Brachioradials muscle orgin attaches?

Back 36

Lateral Supracondylar ridge

Front 37

Articulates with Radius (ball& socket w/head of radius), laterally, hemispherical shape. supination and pronation of elbow.

Back 37

Capitulum

Front 38

Articulates w/Ulna, medially, pulley/saddle shaped, extends posteriorly. Does just Flexion of elbow.

Back 38

Trochlea

Front 39

Bone that has firm articulatoin with humerus (doesn't dislocate easily), but weak articualtion with wrist?

Back 39

Ulna

Front 40

Place of inserions of brachialis muscle?
Junction of antero-inferior surface of coronoid process

Back 40

Tuberosity of the ulna

Front 41

Firm articulation with scaphoid and lunate (hand/wrist), but weak articulation at humerus

Back 41

Radius

Front 42

Head of Radius - which end? and articulates with?

Back 42

Head of radius-proximal
-articulates w/capitulum

Front 43

Movements of the head of the radius? (2)

Back 43

1. Rotation during pronation & supination (sup- palm up)
2. Anterior-posterior movement during elbow flextion & extension

Front 44

Site of insertion for both long head and short head of biceps brachii?

Back 44

Tuberosity of Radius... (proximal end of radius)

Front 45

Styloid process of radius

Back 45

The syloid process of radius (distaL) extends further distally than the ulna styloid process.

Front 46

Dorsal root responsible for what type of innervation(s)?

Back 46

Sensory

Front 47

Ventral root responsible for what type of innervation(s)?

Back 47

Motor and Sympathetics

Front 48

Spinal nerve proper is responsible for what type of innervation(s)?

Back 48

MIxed- when ventral and dorsal root come together.

Front 49

Distal to spinal nerve proper =

Back 49

Spinal Nerve

Front 50

Dorsal ramus responsible for what dermomytomes?

Back 50

Mixed to epaxial dermomyotomes

Front 51

Ventral ramus responsible for what dermomyotomes?

Back 51

mixed to hypaxial dermomyotomes

Front 52

All plexuses are composed of ???

Back 52

Ventral rami

Front 53

What is the Brachial Plexus and most other spinal nerve branches composed of and not composed of?

Back 53

COMPOSED OF:
1. Sensory, 2. Motor, 3. Sympathetics
NOT COMPOSED of: Parasympatetic fibers (THERE ARE NO PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS)

Front 54

Brachial plexus is composed of the _______ ____ of __ -__ spinal nerves

Back 54

VENTRAL RAMI of C5-T1 spinal nerves.
(8 cervical spinal nerves only 7 cervical vertebrae)

Front 55

The brachial plexus is divided into 5 regions:
mnemonic=

Back 55

1.Roots (rami), 2.Trunks 3.Divisions, 4.Cords, 5.Branches
Mnemonic- Randy Thomas Drinks Cold Beer"

Front 56

Root of brachial plexus is made up of the

Back 56

ventral ramus

Front 57

Regions of Brachial Plexus:
(2)Trunks divided into 3:

Back 57

Trunks
1.Upper (C5,C6),
2. middle(C7),
3. lower(C8,T1)

Front 58

Regions of Brachial Plexus:
(3)Divisions broken into:

Back 58

Divisions:
Anterior and Posterior

Front 59

Regions of Brachial Plexus:
(4) Cords broken into 3:(made up of)

Back 59

Cords: 1.lateral (upper & middle anterior divisions)
2.Medial (anterior division of lower trunk)
3.Posterior (posterior convergence of all cords)

Front 60

Regions of Brachial Plexus:
(5) Branches come from

Back 60

Branches come from different parts of the plexus

Front 61

What forms the Scalene triangle?

Back 61

1.Scalenus Medius (post. side)
2.Scalenus Anterior (ant.side)
3. 1st rib

Front 62

What goes through the scalene triangle? what doesn't?

Back 62

-Pass roots& trunks.
1.Axillary A. passes through scalene triangle w/ trunk.
2. Subclavian A. goes through scalen triangle, but subclavian V. passes ANT. to scalene triangle

Front 63

What is the Brachial Plexus and most other spinal nerve branches composed of and not composed of?

Back 63

COMPOSED OF:
1. Sensory, 2. Motor, 3. Sympathetics
NOT COMPOSED of: Parasympatetic fibers (THERE ARE NO PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS)

Front 64

Brachial plexus is composed of the _______ ____ of __ -__ spinal nerves

Back 64

VENTRAL RAMI of C5-T1 spinal nerves.
(8 cervical spinal nerves only 7 cervical vertebrae)

Front 65

The brachial plexus is divided into 5 regions:
mnemonic=

Back 65

1.Roots (rami), 2.Trunks 3.Divisions, 4.Cords, 5.Branches
Mnemonic- Randy Thomas Drinks Cold Beer"

Front 66

Root of brachial plexus is made up of the

Back 66

ventral ramus

Front 67

Regions of Brachial Plexus:
(2)Trunks divided into 3:

Back 67

Trunks
1.Upper (C5,C6),
2. middle(C7),
3. lower(C8,T1)

Front 68

Regions of Brachial Plexus:
(3)Divisions broken into:

Back 68

Divisions:
Anterior and Posterior

Front 69

Regions of Brachial Plexus:
(4) Cords broken into 3:(made up of)

Back 69

Cords: 1.lateral (upper & middle anterior divisions)
2.Medial (anterior division of lower trunk)
3.Posterior (posterior convergence of all cords)

Front 70

Regions of Brachial Plexus:
(5) Branches come from

Back 70

Branches come from different parts of the plexus

Front 71

What forms the Scalene triangle?

Back 71

1.Scalenus Medius (post. side)
2.Scalenus Anterior (ant.side)
3. 1st rib

Front 72

What goes through the scalene triangle? what doesn't?

Back 72

-Pass roots& trunks.
1.Axillary A. passes through scalene triangle w/ trunk.
2. Subclavian A. goes through scalen triangle, but subclavian V. passes ANT. to scalene triangle

Front 73

3 branches from ROOTS of plexus:

Back 73

3 branches from ROOTS of plexus:
1. Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) –2. Nerve to subclavius (C5 - C6)
3. Long thoracic N.(C5, C6, C7)

Front 74

3 branches frm roots of BP:
1. Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) –fx:??

Back 74

3 branches frm roots of BP:
1. Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) – Fx: motor nerve to rhomboids (major and minor) & levator scapulae.

Front 75

3 branches frm roots of BP:
2. Nerve to subclavius (C5 - C6) fx??? clinical?/

Back 75

3 branches frm roots of BP:
2. Nerve to subclavius (C5 - C6) - Fx: motor nerve to subclavius. (clinically unimportant, action can’t be tested.)

Front 76

3 branches frm roots of BP:
3. Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) – Fx? clinical?

Back 76

3 branches frm roots of BP:
3. Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) – Fx: motor nerve to serratus anterior (descends behind plexus) (clinical significance: particularly vulnerable to knife wounds & during mastectomy. )

Front 77

1 branch from TRUNK (upper):

Back 77

1 branch from upper Trunk:
1. Suprascapular nerve (C5 - C6)

Front 78

1 branch from upper Trunk:
1. Suprascapular N (C5 - C6) –

Back 78

1 branch from upper Trunk:
1. Suprascapular N (C5 - C6) – Fx. Motor innervatation to supraspinatus and infraspinatus.

Front 79

3 branches from LATERAL CORD: (LML)

Back 79

3 branches from LATERAL CORD: (LML)
1. Lateral pectoral nerve
2. Lateral root to median nerve
3. Musculocutaneous nerve –

Front 80

3 branches from LATERAL CORD:
1. Lateral pectoral nerve – Fx.

Back 80

3 branches from LATERAL CORD:
1. Lateral pectoral nerve – Fx. Motor innervations to pectoralis major.

Front 81

3 branches from LATERAL CORD:
2. Lateral root to median nerve – Fx:

Back 81

3 branches from LATERAL CORD:
2. Lateral root to median nerve – Fx: Motor innervations to Forearm Flexor Muscles & Thenar Muscle(controls thumb) ….(contributes to median N.) **Median nerve -- (motor) most muscles of anterior forearm (flexors & pronators), intrinsic thumb (thenar muscles).

Front 82

3 branches from LATERAL CORD:
3. Musculocutaneous nerve – Fx:

Back 82

3 branches from LATERAL CORD:
3. Musculocutaneous nerve – Fx: motor innervations of all muscles in anterior compartment of arm.

Front 83

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD: (M4U)

Back 83

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD: (M4U)
1. Medial pectoral nerve
2. Medial cutaneous N. to arm
3. Medial cutaneous N. to forearm
4. Medial root to median N.
5. Ulnar nerve

Front 84

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
1. Medial pectoral nerve –
Fx: ??

Back 84

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
1. Medial pectoral nerve –
Fx: Motor innervatation of pectoralis major & minor.

Front 85

5branches from MEDIAL CORD:
2. Medial cutaneous nerve to arm-- Fx.? difference

Back 85

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
2. Medial cutaneous nerve to arm-- Fx. Only SENSORY (& sympathetic) innervations to Medial arm. (NO Motor innervations*).

Front 86

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
3. Medial cutaneous N to forearm – Fx: ?difference?

Back 86

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
3. Medial cutaneous N to forearm – Fx: Only SENSORY (& symp.) innervations to medial forearm. (NO Motor innervations*).

Front 87

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
4. Medial root to median nerve – Fx: ?

Back 87

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
4. Medial root to median nerve – Fx: motor innervations to (1) Thenar muscles (thumb) &(2)Forearm flexor muscles….(contributes to median nerve)

Front 88

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
5. Ulnar nerve – Fx: ?

Back 88

5 branches from MEDIAL CORD:
5. Ulnar nerve – Fx: Important Motor (& sensory) innervations to intrinsic muscles of hand (Not all, like thenar ).

Front 89

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:

Back 89

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD: ULNAR (come off 1 right after another)
1. Upper subscapular nerve – 2. Lower subscapular nerve – 3. Thoracodorsal nerve –
4. Axillary nerve –
5. Radial nerve –

Front 90

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
1. Upper subscapular nerve – Fx: >??

Back 90

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
1. Upper subscapular nerve – Fx: motor innervations to subscapularis muscle.

Front 91

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
2. Lower subscapular nerve – Fx: ??

Back 91

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
2. Lower subscapular nerve – Fx: Motor innervations to subscapularis & teres major muscles.

Front 92

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
3. Thoracodorsal nerve – Fx??

Back 92

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
3. Thoracodorsal nerve – Fx: Motor innervations to latissimus dorsi.

Front 93

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
4. Axillary nerve – Fx:??

Back 93

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
4. Axillary nerve – Fx: Motor innervations deltoids & teres minor.

Front 94

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
5. Radial nerve – Fx??

Back 94

5 branches from POSTERIOR CORD:
5. Radial nerve – Fx: Motor innervations to posterior compartments of both arm& forearm (extensors & supinators). --runs posteriorly to median nerve.

Front 95

What are the rule of odd # in Branches the BP? _-_-_-_-_

Back 95

3-1-3-5-5
3- branches from roots of BP
1- branch from upper trunk
3-branches from the lateral cord
5-branches from the medial cord
5-branches from the posterior cord

Front 96

Definition of Upper B.plexus injury
( nerves can only stretch __ before tear?)

Back 96

Include roots C5 and C6.
(all innervation is lost in c5-6 when stretched)
(nerves can only stretch 25% before tear)

Front 97

When do Upper B. Plexus injuries commonly occur? (2)

Back 97

1.Most common- Neck of a newborn is stretched during delivery
2.Neck is stretched in an accident where the velocity of the shoulder is dramatically reduced relative to the velocity of the head and neck (ex. being thrown from motorcycle/horse)

Front 98

Results of an upper brachial plexus injury?

Back 98

Erb's Palsy- adduction, internal rotation of shoulder, extended elbow, and pronated forearm- bc opposing actions inabled

Front 99

Erb's palsy is a result of?

Back 99

Upper brachial plexus injury.
adduction, internal rotation of shoulder, extended elbow, and pronated forearm- bc opposing actions inabled

Front 100

Definition of Lower Brachial plexus injury?

Back 100

include roots C8 and T1

Front 101

When do lower b.plexus injuries occur? (2)

Back 101

1.The upper limb is suddendly pulled superiorly (ex. someone breaking a fall from scaffolding).
2.The upper limb is stretched supperiorly (ex.during delivery when a baby's arm is pulled over its head)

Front 102

Results of lower b. plexus injuries?

Back 102

1. Klumpke's paralysis- "clawed hand"
2.Sometimes associated w/ Horner's syndrome- ptosis (droopy eyelid), pupil constriction, and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) due to traction on the sympathetic chain.(If torn then lose sympathetic on same side??)

Front 103

Klumpke's paralysis is a result from?

Back 103

Lower brachial plexus injuries:
Klumpke's paralysis- "clawed hand"

Front 104

2.Sometimes associated w/ Horner's syndrome-

Back 104

Lower brachial plexus injuries:
H.s-ptosis (droopy eyelid), pupil constriction,& anhydrosis (lack of sweating) due to traction on the sympathetic chain.(If torn then lose sympathetic on same side??)

Front 105

The upper trunk of a newborn baby's brachial plexus is torn as a result of a difficult delivery.. what spincal cord segments are in the upper trunk?

Back 105

C5 and C6

Front 106

What spinal cord segments make up the posterior cord?

Back 106

C5- T1

Front 107

where are cutaneous nerves and veins located?

Back 107

in the superficial fascia (fatty layer)

Front 108

Suprclavicular nerves (c3 and c4 ventral rami) deep to?
When can you see supraclavicular nerve?

Back 108

platysma.
Can see it when tighten platysma in neck

Front 109

Where is the cephalic vein?

Back 109

In the deltopectoral triangle

Front 110

What is pectoral fasica?

Back 110

It is is the deep fascia that is continuous with brachial fascia of upper limb.

Front 111

The pain originating in a visceral (internal) structure that is interpreted as orginating from areas of the body surface (wall) that send sensory impulses to the same segments of the spinal cord as the visceral structure.

Back 111

Referred pain
ex. pericardiatis
mix up in dorsal root ganglion or dorsal horn

Front 112

A nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles moving the joint and the skin over the insertions of these muscles

Back 112

Hilton's Law

Front 113

Shoulder joint that is dislocated at?

Back 113

Glenohumeral Joint

Front 114

Articular disc divide ___ joint into 2 compartments

Back 114

Sternoclavicular joint ( gliding joint) is divided into 2 compartments by an articular disc- ^ movement in all directions

Front 115

Sternoclavicular joint articular disc allows what? restricted only by what?

Back 115

Allows movement in any direction (freest movement is sup.)
limited only by ligaments

Front 116

Articular disc of sternoclavicular joint is located:

Back 116

between sternal end of clavicle and manubruim and 1st costal cartilage

Front 117

What do anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments do?

Back 117

reinforce joint anteriorly and posteriorly

Front 118

What do costoclavicular ligaments do?

Back 118

Anchors inferior surface of clavicle to 1st rib and costal cartilage.

Front 119

What joint is a gliding joint divided by an incomplete articular disc?

Back 119

Acromioclavicular joint

Front 120

What does the incomplete division of the articular disc of the acromioclavicular joint allow?

Back 120

Allows slipping between clavicale and scapula

Front 121

What ligament strengthens the acromioclavicular joint superiorly?

Back 121

Acromioclavicular ligament

Front 122

what ligament anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the acromioclavicular joint?

Back 122

Coracoclavicular Ligament

Front 123

Which ligament(s) resists upward movement of the clavicle or downward movement of scapula (AC joint)?

Back 123

Coracoclavicular ligament= trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament.

Front 124

Is a clavicular fracture or joint separtion more frequent?

Back 124

clavicular fracture is more frequent than joint separation.

Front 125

Is the coracoclavicular ligament or the acromioclavicular ligament stronger?

Back 125

Coracoclavicular ligament is stronger... slow healer

Front 126

What joint has a ball& socket type of movement (large range of motion)?

Back 126

Glenohumeral joint

Front 127

Glenoid cavity is deepened by:

Back 127

fibrocartilagenous glenoid labrum

Front 128

What forms a sheath for biceps tendon in the glenohumeral joint?

Back 128

synovial membrane

Front 129

Fibrous capsule surrounds the glenohumeral joint and is atttached: medially? and laterally?

Back 129

Medially attached to glenoid margin
Laterally attached to anatomical neck of humerus

Front 130

What ligament strengthens to anterior capsule of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 130

glenohumeral ligaments

Front 131

What strengthens the glenohumeral joint superiorly?

Back 131

Coracohumeral ligament

Front 132

What ligament crosses intertubercular groove in the glenohumeral joint?

Back 132

Transverse humeral ligament

Front 133

Do ligaments or muscles keep shoulder together?

Back 133

MUSCLES

Front 134

The larger, more powerful shoulder muscles that are superfical & responsible for a large range of motion?

Back 134

EXTRINISIC ( outside of glenohumeral joint) MUSCLES

Front 135

The shorter, deeper shoulder muscles that are more responsible for midrange motion, stabilizing the joint,& adjusting the position of the glenoid.

Back 135

INTRINSIC MUSCLES

Front 136

The muscles of the shoulder that attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Back 136

EXTRINSIC muscles of the SHOULDER

Front 137

The Extrinsic Muscles of the Shoulder:
1.Superficial extrinsic muscles (2)
2. Deep extrinsic muscles(3)

Back 137

1.SF extrinsic mm:
a.trapezius, b.Latissimus dorsi
2. Deep extrinsic mm:
a&b. Rhomboid major & minor, c. Leavator scapulae

Front 138

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles:
1. SF extrin. mm:
a. Trapezius- orign, insertion

Back 138

1. SF extrin. mm:
a. Trapezius
O:base of skull & spinous processes of cervical/thoracic vetebrae
I:Spine of scapula,clavicle, &acromion

Front 139

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles:
1. SF extrin. mm:
a. Trapezius- fx, innervation:

Back 139

1. SF extrin. mm:
a. Trapezius
fx:Shoulders only-3parts:
1.inf. fibers- depress shoulders
2.middle fibers-retract scapula
3.sup.-elevate shoulders
Inner:Spinal Accessory N.(cranial n. XI)

Front 140

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles:
1. SF extrin. mm:
b.Latissimus dorsi -orgin, insertion

Back 140

1. SF extrin. mm:
b.Latissimus dorsi
O1:T7&all lumbar vert.
O2: Iliac crest
I:Ant. side of humerus to intertubercular sulcus

Front 141

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles:
1. SF extrin. mm:
b.Latissimus dorsi -fx, innervation:

Back 141

1. SF extrin. mm:
b.Latissimus dorsi
fx: Shoulders only- 3
1.powerful adduction of arm
2.medial rotations of arm
3.Extention of arm
Inner: Thoracodorsal nerve (post cord)

Front 142

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles:
2. Deep extrin. mm:
a.Rhomboid Major-O
b.Rhomboid Minor O
BOTH- I,fx, and innervation:

Back 142

2. Deep extrin. mm:
a.Rhomboid Major-O:spinous process of T1-T5
b.Rhomboid Minor-O:spinous process of C7-T1.
BOTH- I: Ver border of scapula
Fx: retraction of scapula
inner: Dorsal Scapular N.

Front 143

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles:
2. Deep extrin. mm:
c.Lecator scapulae O, I, fx, innervation

Back 143

2. Deep extrin. mm:
c.Lecator scapulae
O:Transverse rocess of C1-C4
I:Superior angle of scapula
Fx:1.elevates scapula
2. rotates scapula downward of glenoid
inner: Dorsal Scapular N.

Front 144

Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles:
2. Deep extrin. mm:
All innervated by:

Back 144

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Front 145

Rotator Cuff muscles are: ____ and the 4 that make them up are:

Back 145

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
4: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Front 146

Functions of the Rotator cuff/ Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles? (2)

Back 146

1.Position the humeral head w/in glenoid cavity.
2.Most important factor in maintaining STABILITY of the glenohumeral joint.

Front 147

Clinical significance of the rotator cuff/Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles?

Back 147

The tendons blend w/the fibrous joint capsule, so if it were to tear= poor blood supply b/c fibrous. as age= ^ risk.

Front 148

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
1.Supraspinatus:O, I, Fx,

Back 148

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
1.Supraspinatus
O:Suprapinous fossa
I:Greater tubercle of humerus(crosses joint superiorly)
Fx:initates ABduction-(15%) then deltoids

Front 149

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
2.Infraspinatous: O,I, Fx

Back 149

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
2.Infraspinatous:
O: Infraspinous fossa
I:Post side of Greater Tubercle
Fx: Lateral rotation of shoulder

Front 150

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
1.Supraspinatus and 2.Infraspinatous: Innervation:

Back 150

Suprascapular Nerve

Front 151

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
3:Teres Minor: O, I, Fx:, Innervation

Back 151

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
3:Teres Minor:
O:mid. of axillary border of scapula
I:Greater tubercle(crosses joint post)
Fx:Lateral Roataion
Innervation:Axillary N.

Front 152

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
4.Subscapularis: O, I, Fx:, Innervation

Back 152

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
4.Subscapularis
O:Subscapular fossa
I:Lesser Tubercle (Crosses joint anteriorly)
Fx:Medial Rotation of the glenohumeral joint
Inner: Upper& lower subscapular N.

Front 153

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:

Back 153

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1. Deltoid- (Acromonal/lateral, spinal/posterior, clavicular/anterior)
2. Teres major

Front 154

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1.Deltoid:
a. Acromal/ lateral part-
O:, Fx,

Back 154

Intrinsic Shoulder MM NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1.Deltoid:a. Acromal/lateral part-O:Acromion process
Fx:ABduction of shoulder (doesn't initate it)

Front 155

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1.Deltoid:
b. Spinal /posteriorpart- O, Fx

Back 155

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1.Deltoid:
b. Spinal/posterior part
O:Spine of Scapula
Fx: Extension

Front 156

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1.Deltoid:
c. Clavicular/anterior part-O Fx

Back 156

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1.Deltoid:
c. Clavicular/anterior part
O:Clavicle
Fx: Flexion of shoulder

Front 157

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1.Deltoid- ALL THREE lateral, posterior, and anterior: I: and innervation:

Back 157

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
1.Deltoid- ALL THREE lateral, posterior, and anterior:
I: Deltoid tuberosity
Innervation: Axillary N.

Front 158

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
2. Teres Major
O,I, Fx, Innervation

Back 158

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles NOT part of Rotator Cuff:
2. Teres Major
O:Inf. angle of scapula(post.side)
I:Intertubecular sulcus (lower than minor-ant. side)
Fx: 1. Powerful medial rotation
2.Adduction
Inner:Lower subscapular N.
(extension of subscapularis)

Front 159

Pectoral Muscles:

Back 159

Pectoral Muscles:
1. Pectoralis major (clavicular head and Sternal head)
2. Pecoralis minor

Front 160

Pectoral Muscles:
1. Pectoralis major (clavicular head-O: and Sternal head-O
both I, Fx, innervation

Back 160

1.Pectoralis major
clavicular head-O- Clavicle
Sternal head- O- sternum & costal cartilage
BOTH- I: Intertubecular sulcus (internal margin)
fx: ADDUCTION, medial rotation, flextion or extension
Inner: medial& lateral Pectoral N.

Front 161

Pectoral Muscles:
2. Pectoralis Minor
O, I, fx, innervation

Back 161

2. Pectoralis Minor
O: ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid Process
Fx: Depression of shoulders, elevates ribs
Inner: Medial pectoral nerve

Front 162

Serratus Anterior
O, I, Fx, innervation

Back 162

Serratus Anterior
O: Ribs 1-8
I:Ant. surface of medial border of scapula (forms solid muscle)
fx:1. Protracts Scapula(forward on thoracic wall, ex boxer)
2. Upward rotation of scapula
3.holds scapula tight to thoracic wall
Inner: Long Thoracic N.

Front 163

Serratus Anterior innervation 2 problems:

Back 163

Innervation: Long Thoracic N.
Problems: 1. Vulnerable to injury in knife fight
2. Mascetonectamy surgery.
Results: Disability-loss of function, compromised fx.

Front 164

Innervation of Spinal Accessory Nerve ( Cranial nerve XI

Back 164

Trapezius

Front 165

Innervation by Thoracodorsal nerve

Back 165

Latissimus dorsi

Front 166

Innervation by Dorsal Scapular nerve:

Back 166

All deep extrinsic shoulder muscles
1. Rhomboid major and Minor
2. Levator Scapulae

Front 167

Innervation by Suprascapular nerve:

Back 167

1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus

Front 168

Innervation by Axillary Nerve

Back 168

1. Teres Minor
2. Deltoid

Front 169

Innervation by upper and lower subscapular nerve

Back 169

subscapularis

Front 170

Innervation by lower subscapular nerve

Back 170

Teres major

Front 171

Innervation by medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Back 171

pectoralis major

Front 172

Innervation by medial pectoral nerve

Back 172

pectoralis minor

Front 173

Innervation by Long thoracic nerve

Back 173

serratus anterior

Front 174

Innervation by Musculocutaneous nerve

Back 174

1.Short and Long head of Biceps Brachii
2. Brachialis
3. Coracobrachialis

Front 175

Innervation by Radial Nerve

Back 175

1. Long, lateral, and medial head of Triceps Brachii
2. Anconeus
3.Brachioradialis
4.Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Front 176

1/2 Innervation by median and 1/2 Innervation by ulnar

Back 176

1. Lumbricals
2.Flexor digitorum profundus

Front 177

Innervation by Deep Radial Nerve:

Back 177

1. Extensor Cari Radialis brevis
2.Extensor carpi ulnaris
3.Extensor digitorum
4.Extensor digiti minimi
5.Abductor pollicis longus
6.Extensor pollis brevis
7. Extensor pollis longus
8. Extensor indics
9.Supinator

Front 178

Innervation by Median Nerve:

Back 178

1.Pronator teres
2.Flexor carpi radialis
3.Palmaris longus
4.Flexor digitorum superficialis deep
5.Flexor pollicis longus
6. Pronator quadratus

Front 179

Innervation by reccurent branch median nerve:

Back 179

All of the Thenar Muscles
1. Abductor pollicis brevis
2. Flexor pollicis brevis
3. Opponens pollicis

Front 180

Innervation by Ulnar Nerve:

Back 180

1.Flexor carpi ulnaris
2.Adductor pollicis
3.abductor digiti minimi
4.Flexor digiti minimi
5. Opponens digiti minimi

Front 181

--small synovial fluid-filled sac that is not a joint.
--functions as cushioning and to reduce friction.
--found around almost every major joint in the body.
--they can arise spontaneously w/ pressure - ex. bunion.

Back 181

BURSA

Front 182

Pyramid shaped region, through which nerves, arteries, veins, and lympatics pass from the root tof the neck to the upper limb

Back 182

Axilla

Front 183

Border of axilla:
1. Apex=

Back 183

1. Apex= between 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edge of subscapularis

Front 184

Border of axilla:
2. Base=

Back 184

2. Base= skin and fascia under arm (armpit)

Front 185

Border of axilla:
3. Anterior=

Back 185

3.Anterior= pectoralis muscles

Front 186

Border of axilla:
4. Posterior=

Back 186

4. Posterior border= scapula and associated muscles

Front 187

Border of axilla:
5.Medial border=

Back 187

5.Medial border= thoracic wall (ribs 1-4)

Front 188

Border of axilla:
6. lateral border

Back 188

6.Lateral border= intertubercular groove.

Front 189

Axillary Aterery can be divided into 3 parts:

Back 189

1.From lateral border of rib 1 to medial border of pectoralis minor
2. Directly behind pectoralis minor
3. Lateral border of pectoralis minor to the inferior border of teres major

Front 190

Axillary artery is enclosed in the ______ _____ with the ____ ____ and ____ ______.

Back 190

Axillary artery is enclosed in the AXILLARY SHEATH(tough) with the AXILLARY VEIN and BRACHIAL PLEXUS.

Front 191

The axillary sheath is continous with the

Back 191

prevertebral layer of cervical fascia

Front 192

The axillary artery is from the

Back 192

subclavian artery

Front 193

Axillary A. is _____ to the posterior cord

Back 193

ANTERIOR

Front 194

Axillary A. is _________ to the medial cord and _________ to the lateral cord.

Back 194

Axillary A. is LATERAL to the medial cord and MEDIAL to the lateral cord

Front 195

Branches of the Axillary Artery
1st part has how many branches? name?

Back 195

Branches of the Axillary Artery
1 branch:
Superior Thoracic Artery (branches to intercostals, supplies intercostal muscles in upper intercostal spaces)

Front 196

Branches of the Axillary Artery
2nd part has how many branches? name?

Back 196

Branches of the Axillary Artery
2 Branches:
1.Thoracoacromial A. (5 branches-soft tissue on region & joints, including blood suply to perctoralis muscles)
2. Lateral Thoracic A (supplies breast w/blood)

Front 197

Branches of the Axillary Artery
3rd part has how many branches? name?

Back 197

Branches of the Axillary Artery
3 Branches
1.Subscapular A. (supplies blood around scaupla &shoulder, and contributes to anastomoses around shoulder)
2 &3.,Anterior & Posterior cicumflex humeral Arteries (supply to tissuie in that area ccolateral blood supply)

Front 198

Arterial anastomoses forming a network around the scapula:3

Back 198

1. Dorsal scapular artery (usually branch of the transverse cervical artery from thyrocervical trunk)
2.Suprascapular artery (from thyrocervical trunk or sometimes from axillary A= why this is effected)
3.Subscapular Artery (from axillary A)

Front 199

Clinical relevance of the arterial anastomoses from the collateral circulation of shoulder:

Back 199

These anastomoses are clinically relevant when main arterial pathway to the upper limb is slowly obstructed.

Front 200

Pressing against the __ part of the axillary artery against the humerus between ___ and ___ can stop bleeding.. why?

Back 200

Stop bleeding in the 3RD part of axillary artery between the Subscapular A. and the profunda brachii A..B/c there is no colateral blood supply there

Front 201

In the arm there are how many veins for how many arteries?
Reason?

Back 201

There are 2 veins for each artery. B/c counter current heat exchange, so don't loose heat to extremeties bc of large surface area. Artery giving heat to cold venous blood coming back (VENAE COMITANTS)

Front 202

What is venae comitants?

Back 202

Arteries in the arms providing heat to cold venous blood returning ... Brachial, ulnar, or radial nerves.

Front 203

Axillary Vein location?

Back 203

Lies to the medial side of the axillary artery

Front 204

The continuation of the basilic vein at the inferior border of teres major (becomes subclavian vein at the lateral border of rib 1)

Back 204

1 of the2 definitions of axillary vein.... less common

Front 205

is formed by the union of venae comitantes and the basilic vein

Back 205

2nd definition for Axillary Vein-*****

Front 206

What is tributary?

Back 206

small veins drain into bigger veins

Front 207

Axiallary vein has tributaries that correspond to the branches of the

Back 207

AXILLARY ARTERY

Front 208

___ receives venae comitants that accompany the brachial artery

Back 208

Axillary Vein

Front 209

The breast contains _ -_ ____of grandular tissue lying within

Back 209

15-20 LOBULES of grandular tissue lying within FATTY TISSUE

Front 210

Where and how are mammary glands drained?

Back 210

Mammary glands are rdrained at the NIPPLE by LACTIFEROUS DUCTS.

Front 211

The pigmented area that surrounds the nipple is called the

Back 211

AREOLA

Front 212

What are the lobules of the breast supported by?

Back 212

The lobules are supported by CT SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS, which are attached tothe dermis.

Front 213

Where are suspensory ligaments attached?

Back 213

To the dermis?

Front 214

What do suspensory ligaments do?

Back 214

Support the lobules of glandular tissue of the breast.

Front 215

The potential space between breast tissue & the pectoral fascia is called the ____-

Back 215

Retrommammary Space

Front 216

The space where breast implants are placed, and the space that sticks against the thoracic wall, resulting in no movement of the breast is called the

Back 216

Retrommammary Space

Front 217

The 5 regions that the breast is divided into for descriptive and diagnostic purposes?

Back 217

1. Upper Inner, 2. upper outer, 3. Lower Inner, 4. Lower Outer, 5. Axillary Tail

Front 218

___ receives venae comitants that accompany the brachial artery

Back 218

Axillary Vein

Front 219

The breast contains _ -_ ____of grandular tissue lying within

Back 219

15-20 LOBULES of grandular tissue lying within FATTY TISSUE

Front 220

Where and how are mammary glands drained?

Back 220

Mammary glands are rdrained at the NIPPLE by LACTIFEROUS DUCTS.

Front 221

The pigmented area that surrounds the nipple is called the

Back 221

AREOLA

Front 222

What are the lobules of the breast supported by?

Back 222

The lobules are supported by CT SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS, which are attached tothe dermis.

Front 223

Where are suspensory ligaments attached?

Back 223

To the dermis?

Front 224

What do suspensory ligaments do?

Back 224

Support the lobules of glandular tissue of the breast.

Front 225

The potential space between breast tissue & the pectoral fascia is called the ____-

Back 225

Retrommammary Space

Front 226

The space where breast implants are placed, and the space that sticks against the thoracic wall, resulting in no movement of the breast is called the

Back 226

Retrommammary Space

Front 227

The 5 regions that the breast is divided into for descriptive and diagnostic purposes?

Back 227

1. Upper Inner, 2. upper outer, 3. Lower Inner, 4. Lower Outer, 5. Axillary Tail

Front 228

Out of the 5 regions of the breast which one is known for having the most lymph, and therefore the most effected place for breast cancer?

Back 228

Axillary Tail

Front 229

Another descriptive way to describe the breast is by:

Back 229

Analogy with the face of a clock

Front 230

The arteerial supply to the breast is via the

Back 230

MAMMARY BRANCHES

Front 231

The arteerial supply to the breast is via the mammary branches of 4 different arteries?

Back 231

1.Internal Thoracic A. (intercostal space that is supplies has mammary branches that run (medially?)
2. Lateral Thoracic A. (lateral)
3. Thoracoacromial A. (supplies pectoral vessels& overlies breast tissue)
4.Post. Intercostal aa.(branches from the thoracic aorta)

Front 232

Venous Drainage of the breast is via tributaries to: (2)

Back 232

1. Axillary Vein (lateral)
2. Internal thoraic Vein (medial)

Front 233

What pathway does the lymphatic drainage follow in the breast?

Back 233

The venous drainage

Front 234

Why is lymphatic drainage of the breast important?

Back 234

Lymphatic drainage of the breast is important b/c of its roll in the spread of breast cancer.

Front 235

Approx 75% of lymphatic drainage in the breast is to the: ________ _____ ________

Back 235

Axillary Lymph Nodes:
(lateral, subscapular, pectoral*, central*, apical*)

Front 236

Approx 25% of lymphatic drainage in the breast is to: ______ ______ and _____ ____

Back 236

Infraclavicular, supraclacicular, and parasternal nodes

Front 237

Axillary Lymph Nodes:
The ones involved in draining lymph from the breast/ order?

Back 237

1.Pectoral (ant. axillary fold)-> 2.Central -->3.Apical---> (supraclivcular??)

Front 238

Cutaneous modalities?

Back 238

Sensory and autonomic symphathetics to the body wall dermis

Front 239

Arm = the part between the _____ and ____

Back 239

Shoulder and Elbow

Front 240

2 layers of the skin/ fascia of the arm

Back 240

1. Superficial Fascia
2. Deep Fascia

Front 241

What does the the superficial fascia of the skin of the arm consist of?

Back 241

Cutaneous veins and nerves
( fatty layer... hypodermis layer)

Front 242

The muscles of the arm lie _____ to then deep fascia of the skin of the arm.

Back 242

Muscles lie DEEP to the deep fascia of the arm

Front 243

2 reasons/benefits to the muscles of the arm lying deep to the deep fascia of the skin:

Back 243

1. Allows muscles to move joint efficiently when they contract.
2. Helps w/venous blood return (venae carnea)

Front 244

Which fascia of the skin of the arm is a sheath that encloses the arm, and is attached at the epicondyles of the humerus and olecranon of the ulna?

Back 244

DEEP FASCIA of the arm

Front 245

Which skin fascia of the arm is continous with both the fasciae of the pectoral & axillary regions, & w/deep fascia of the forearm?

Back 245

DEEP FASCIA of the arm

Front 246

What are the 2 intermuscular septa of the deep fascia of the skin of the arm, and what does the septa divide the arm into?

Back 246

2 intermuscular septa: MEDIAL & LATERAL
-divides arm into: ANT. (flexor) & POST. (extensor) compartments

Front 247

What are the 2 main cutaneous veins of the upper limb?

Back 247

1. Cephalic Vein
2. Basilic Vein

Front 248

Where do the cephalic and basilic veins is a orginate from?

Back 248

the dorsal venous arch (posterior side of hand , over metacarpals)

Front 249

The median cubital vein is the communication between the _____ and _____ veins

Back 249

The median cubital vein is the communication between the CEPHALIC and BASILIC Veins.

Front 250

What is the preferred place to take a blood sample from in the upper limb?

Back 250

Median cubital vein

Front 251

Why is the median cubital vein the preferred place to take a blood sample from in the upper arm?

Back 251

Because it isn't accompanied by cutaneous nerves, so there isn't sensory innervation there, therefore there is a lower risk of injuring a cutaneous nerve.

Front 252

What do perforating veins do?

Back 252

Perforating veins provide communication between superficial and deep veins.

Front 253

What vein is often used in venipuncture because it is not accompanied by cutaneous nerves?

Back 253

the Median Cubital Vein

Front 254

The cephalic vein is on the _____ side and the basilic vein is on the _____ side

Back 254

The cephalic vein is on the LATERAL side and the basilic vein is on the MEDIAL side

Front 255

The configuration of the median vein to the cephalic and basilic veins can differ.. what are the 2 configurations?

Back 255

1. Horizontal (more common)
2. M form - still very common

Front 256

Cutaneous veins can convert blood TO or AWAY from the surface?

Back 256

BOTH! Cutaneous veins can convert blood TO AND AWAY from the surface, which allows for acommodation of blood vol. w/o compromising the compartments.

Front 257

In a very muscular person with very low body fat, muscles compress down on the ______ ______, so blood is shunted out to the _______ _____ .

Back 257

In a very muscular person with very low body fat, muscles compress down on the VENAE COMITANTES so blood is shunted out to the CUTANEOUS VEINS.

Front 258

The muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Arm:

Back 258

Ant.MM of Arm:
1. Biceps Brachii (a.short head,b.long head)
2. Brachialis
3. Coracobrachialis

Front 259

Ant.MM of Arm:
1. Biceps Brachii
a.short head O:
b.long head O:
Both I:

Back 259

1. Biceps Brachii
a. Short head O:Coricoid Process
b.Long head O: Supraglenoid tubercle (on scapula, tendon passes thru the intertubercular sulcus)
Both I: Radial Tuberosity

Front 260

Ant.MM of Arm:
1. Biceps Brachii
Fx:, Innervation

Back 260

1. Biceps Brachii
Fx: Flexion of both shoulder & Elbow, & Supination (screws go rt.)
Inner: Musculocutaneous N.

Front 261

Ant.MM of Arm:
2.Brachialis
O:, I:, Fx:, Innervation

Back 261

2.Brachialis
O:Ant. Humerus
I: Ulnar Tuberosity
Fx:Flexion of Elbow-(most powerful flexor of elbow)
Inner: Musculocutaneous N.

Front 262

Ant.MM of Arm:
3.Coracobrahialis:
O, I, Fx, Innervation

Back 262

3.Coracobrahialis
O:Coracoid process
I:Medial midshaft of humerus (medial side of brachialis)
Fx: Flexion & Adduction of Shoulder
Inner: Musculocutaneous N.

Front 263

All Anterior muscles of the arm: (Biceps Brachii-short & long heads, brachialis and coracobrachials) are all innervated by:

Back 263

Innervation of all anterior muscles of the arm: Musculocutaneous Nerve
(from lateral cord of brachial plexus)

Front 264

Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm doesn't orginate or insert on the humerus?

Back 264

the Short Head of the Biceps Brachii

Front 265

When you palipate the tendon of the forearm what do you feel that blends with the forearm fascia at elbow joint>?

Back 265

Bicipital Aporneurosis

Front 266

The vessels and nerves of the arm lie between the _____ and ______ compartments for tmost of the length of the arm

Back 266

The vessels and nerves of the arm lie between the ANT. and POST. compartments for tmost of the length of the arm

Front 267

Where can one find the nerves and vessels of the arm on a patient?

Back 267

In the Bicipital Groove - ( located in the depression that separates the post.& ant. compartments.

Front 268

The route/side that the median nerve lies relative to the brachial artery through the length of arm? (prox. dist.)

Back 268

Proximally- Median n. lies to lateral side of brachial A.
-Median n.crosses A.(at elbow)
Distal Arm- median n. lies to medial side of brachial A.

Front 269

Where does the median nerve and brachial artery cross?

Back 269

At elbow joint, deep to the bicipital aponeurosis.

Front 270

If drawing blood never turn needle into tissue, always put it parallel to tissue... why?

Back 270

bc it could poke median nerve or start arterial bleeding.

Front 271

Why is median nerve so important?

Back 271

Supplies innervation to thenar- controls thumb and other import muscles

Front 272

The ulnar nerve passes ______ to the medial epicondyle and is relatively ________, therefore:

Back 272

The ulnar nerve passes POST. to the medial epicondyle and is relatively SUPERFICIAL, therefore: IT'S VULNERABLE TO INJURY.

Front 273

Ulnar nerve is found in the groove _____ the ________

Back 273

Ulnar nerve is found in the groove BEHIND the PROTUBERANCE.

Front 274

The ulnar nerve supplies _____ to the ______ and is vulnerable to ______ of the ulna

Back 274

The ulnar nerve supplies SENSORY to the MEDIAL HAND and is vulnerable to DISLOCATION of the ulna

Front 275

What really happens when you hit your funny bone and it tingles?

Back 275

You actually hit the ulnar nerve and the sensory distribution on the medial side of the hand is effected.

Front 276

If the median n. is severed at the elbow joint, which functions would be impaired?

Back 276

Pronation or flexion of the wrist

Front 277

Brachial A is a continuation of the _____ artery and it begins at the level of ______

Back 277

Brachial A is a continuation of the AXILLARY artery and it begins at the level of TERES MINOR.

Front 278

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Back 278

1.Triceps brachii (a.long head, b.lateral head, c.medial head)
2. Aconeus

Front 279

Post.MM of Arm are all innervated by?

Back 279

Post.MM of Arm are all innervated by: RADIAL NERVE

Front 280

Post.MM of Arm
1. Triceps Brachii
a.Long head O:
b.Lateral Head O:
c.Medial Head O:
All I:

Back 280

1. Triceps Brachii
a.Long head O:Infragleniod tubercle of scapula
b.Lateral Head O:(upper) Humerus-alongside bony ridge of sup. radial groove
c.Medial Head O:humerus below radial groove
All I: Olecranon process of ulna

Front 281

Post.MM of Arm
1. Triceps Brachii
a.Long head Fx:
b.Lateral Head Fx:
c.Medial Head FX:
All Innervation:

Back 281

1. Triceps Brachii
a.Long H Fx:Extension of shoulder & Elbow
B./C.Lateral& Medial H Fx: Extension of Elbow
All Innervation: Radial N.

Front 282

Post.MM of Arm
2. Aconeus
O, I, Fx, Innervation

Back 282

2. Aconeus
O:Lateral epicondyle
I: Post. side of ulna (olecranon process of ulna)
Fx:Assist in extension of Elbow joint
Innervation: Radial N.

Front 283

Which head of the triceps brachii is the only head that crosses the shoulder joint?

Back 283

Long head of triceps brachii

Front 284

What creates the radial groove?

Back 284

The pull of the aconeus and tricep muscles and the pressure from the nerve on the bone.

Front 285

What is the quadrangular space formed by?

Back 285

The square space is created by muscles and attachments:
1. Teres minor, 2. Long head of Triceps, 3. Teres Major, 4. Lateral head of Triceps

Front 286

What does the quadrangular space contain/ what passes through it/ what can you always find in it?

Back 286

1. Axillary Nerve
2. Posterior Circumflex humeral artery and vein

Front 287

The quadrangular space is closely related to the surgerical neck of the humerus- if surgical neck is fracture, results could be?

Back 287

The axillary nerve is vulnerable to injury with surgical neck fractures.
Effect: lateral rotation, abduction, extension and flexion.

Front 288

Where in the posterior compartment of the arm are the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery and vein found?

Back 288

Lying in the radial groove between the orgins of the lateral & medial heads of the triceps

Front 289

Compression of the radial nerve on the posterior side of the arm against the bone for a long time or injury to nerve w/a mid-shaft fracture results in?

Back 289

"Saturday night palsy"
= wrist drop.
Lost of fx of radial n.
-->extension of the wrist lost

Front 290

How long does it take to reverse Saturday night palsy, if reversible?

Back 290

1 month per each inch... can take 6 months +

Front 291

Ulnar nerve passes posterior to the _____ _______and is vulnerable to injury with ____?

Back 291

Ulnar nerve passes posterior to the MEDIAL EPICONDYLE and is vulnerable to injury with DISLOCATION OF THE ULNA.

Front 292

Broken arm at surgical neck of humerus would cause a loss of sensory at a patch on the shoulder and loss of the fx of which muscle?

Back 292

The AXILLARY N. is vulnerable to surgical neck fractures, therefore loss would be in the TERES MINOR or DELTOID Muscle Actions.

Front 293

What region of the arm/forearm/hand are affected by "Saturday Night Palsy'?

Back 293

The radial region, loss of extension in wrist and fingers, but doesn't effect extension of the wrist.

Front 294

Injury to radial nerve causes loss of what function?

Back 294

Extension of the wrist

Front 295

Olecranon Bursa

Back 295

Protects skin from friction by the bone.
Can become inflamed and painful if pt is leaning on elbows/lying down...more pressure on it than normal= bad
(BURSITIS)