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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The anesthesia breathing system is an extension of this airway...
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The patient's upper airway
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The point of maximal resistance in the intubated patient
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The y-piece/circut connector
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The point of maximal resistance in the unintubated patient
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the expiratory valve in a semi-closed system
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The angles w/i the breathing system are...
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less than 20degrees
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The flow of a gas is dependent on these two gas properties:
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density and viscosity
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The ______ of a gas determines flow at high flow rates.
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Density
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The ______ of a gas determines flow at low flow rates.
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Viscosity
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In you (incr/decr) the length of tubing you (incr/decr) the flow
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Incr tubing, decr flow
Poiseulilles Law |
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Reynold's number measures what?
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viscosity of gases.
Ratio of the gas's viscosity to its density. |
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The Reynold's number at which circut flow becomes turulent?
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<2100
<100 at an abrupt orifice. |
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What variables can be manipulated by knowing the Re#?
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radius or velocity
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What are some examples of open non-breathing systems?
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Insufflation & open drop
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What are the disadvantages of open systems?
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anesthetic gas pollution
risk of hypoxia inability to maintain airway poor control of anesthesia no conservation of h/h |
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A semi-open system has...
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a reservoir bag
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The FGF for a semi-open system is...
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3-8L/min
**decr rebreathing** |
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A system with a reservoir and partial rebreathing is a...
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semi-closed system
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The semi-closed system FGF is...
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1.5-2L/min
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In a semi-closed system, the pCO2 depends on _______ not FGF.
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ventilation.
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In a closed system, the _____ is closed.
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APL
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The FGF in a closed system is...
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1:1 with the patient; ~150-500ml/min
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The Mapleson system is this type of breathing system...
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Semi-open
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Mapleson systems lack...
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unidirectional valves & carbon neutralization
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The amount of rebreathing in a semi-open system is dependent on...
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the FGF
**rebreathing will only occur when inspiratory flow > FGF** |
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The major advantage of the mapleson system is...
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minimal dead space, low resistence
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Mapleson A
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Magill circut
- Used for SV - APL valve & high FGF = adequate CO2 elimination - SV FGF = 2xMV - CV FGF = 3xMV w/ closed APL **ideal for peds transport** |
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Mapleson B
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- FGF & APL close together to decr rebreathing
- less efficient system then A - SV & CV FGF = 2-2.5xMV |
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Mapleson C
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- No corrugated tubing
- SV FGF = 2xMV - CV FGF = 2-2.5xMV |
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Mapleson D
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- Reversed version of A
- FGF near pt ensures adequate CO2 elimination - Easy gas scavenging during CV - SV FGF = 2xMV - CV FGF = 1-2xMV |
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Bain Circut
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FGF enters corrugated tubing
- Maintains h/h - Incr resistence in "airway" - SV FGF = 2xMV - CV FGF = 2-2.5xMV |
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Mapleson E
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Ayer's T-Piece
- No res bag - exhalation tubing volume > Tv to decr rebreathing SV FGF = 2-3xMV CV FGF = 3xMV *ideal use prior to extubation* |
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Mapleson F
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Jackson-Rees'
- Ayer's t-piece w/ a bag - SV FGF = 2-3xMV - CV FGF = 2xMV **ideal for adult transport** |
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A > D > C > B for what type of ventilation
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spontaneous
All dogs can bite |
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D > B > C > A for what type of ventilation
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controlled
Dead bodies can't argue |
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The APL valve should be situated where in the breathing system?
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on expiratory limb before absorber to incr efficiency
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The most accurate place to measure airway pressure is...
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y-piece
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The ____ size of soda lime is 4-8.
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Mesh
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The correct mesh size for bara lime is...
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4-8
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(Soda/Bara) lime requires silica additive to incr it's absorptive properties
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Soda lime
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(soda/bara) lime changes violet w/ exhaustion.
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Soda
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When _____ is exhausted, it turns blue-grey.
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Bara lime
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The absorptive capacity of soda lime is...; for bara lime...
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14-23 LCo2/100g granules
9-18 L CO2/100g granules |
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What system is this?
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Mapleson A
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What system is this?
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Mapleson B
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What system is this?
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Mapleson C
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What system is this?
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Mapleson D
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What system is this?
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Bain Circuit
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What system is this?
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Mapleson E
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What system is this?
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Mapleson F
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Bags =< 1.5L
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Pressure >30 and <50cm H2O when 4x its size
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Bags >1.5L
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Pressure >35 and <60cm H2O when 4x its size
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Relative humidity in the OR is...
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55-60%
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The maximum mass of water vapor which can be carried by a given volume of air is...
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the absolute humidity
**determined by temperature** |
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The iron lung is an example of ...
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negative pressure ventilation.
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Examples of positive pressure ventilation are...
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CPAP, BiPAP and PSV
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Ventilation which varies inspiratory duration and pressure in order to deliver a preset volume is called...
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volume cycled ventilation...
i.e. CMV **no pt resp effort** |
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Assist-control ventilation is ventilation which delivers a preset _____ and _____; it (does/does not) all a patient to trigger spontaneous breaths.
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tidal volume & rate
does **Spontaneous breaths are of a set tidal volume** |
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A ventilator setting which allows a patient to take spontaneous breathes of variable tidal volumes is _______; there (is/is not) predetermined TVs and rate set?
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Intermediate mandatory ventilation (IMV)
IS |
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SIMV prevents...
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the ventilator from giving preset breathe when patient initiates a breath
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Normal lung compliance is...
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10-12ml/kg
**abnormal 6-10ml/kg** |
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This ventilator setting helps prevent alveolar collapse.
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PEEP
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Barotrauma, decr CO, incorrect CVP/PAP findings, alveoli overdistention, incr WOB and incr ICP are side-effects of ...
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PEEP
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This mode of ventilation utilizes pressure to augment TV...
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PSV
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Pressure ventilation that utilizes preset max pressure limits to ventilate patients is called...
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PCV
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To improve oxygenation and decrease barotrauma with slow inspiratory flows is the effect of this ventilator theory...
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inverse I:E ratio
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Three lung zones of ARDS
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- Zone of consolidated disease alveoli that cannot be recruited
- Zone of collapsed yet recruitable alveoli - Zone of normal alveoli (25-30%) available for ventilation |
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Controlled hypoventilation and permissive hypercapnea is permitted in ...
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ARDS
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This high-frequency ventilation is utilized in the OR for upper airway & bronchial procedures
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HFJV
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The diameter of the circuit tubing is .....mm.
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22mm wide
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The internal volume of the circuit tubing is....
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400-500ml/meter length
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The resistance to flow in the circuit tubing is...
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1mmH2O/L/min flow
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If you increase the tubing length, you (incr/decr) the humidity and efficiency of tubing.
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Decreased
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Ideal heat & humidity in the OR?
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9mg/L in normal room air at 20*C and 50% humidity
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