Ultrasound, Retroperitoneum

Front 1

The peritoneum is the _____
that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity

Back 1

SEROUS MEMBRANE

Front 2

How many layers does the peritoneum consist of?

Back 2

2

Front 3

Outer layer of peritoneum lines the abdominal wall

Back 3

PARIETAL PERITONEUM

Front 4

Inner layer,covers the abdominal organs

Back 4

VISCERAL PERITONEUM

Front 5

The space between the 2 layers

Back 5

PERITONEAL CAVITY

Front 6

The peritoneal cavity contains how many seperate compartments?

Back 6

2

Front 7

Space that is situated b/w the liver,pancreas and stomach

Back 7

LESSER SAC

Front 8

Entrance to the lesser sac

Back 8

Epiploic foramen

Front 9

The rest of the peritoneal cavity

Back 9

GREATER SAC

Front 10

Another name for the Pouch of Douglas

Back 10

RECTOUTERINE POUCH

Front 11

Inraperitoneal structures:

Back 11

Stomach,jejunum,1st pasrt of duodenum,appendix,spleen,cecum,transverse colon,sigmoid colon,rectum,liver,uterus,fallopian tubes,ovaries

Front 12

A posteriorly located compartment that lies b/w the transversalies fascia and the parietal peritoneum

Back 12

RETROPERITONEUM

Front 13

Two layers of renal fascia

Back 13

GEROTA'S FASCIA

Front 14

Gerota's fascia divides the retroperitoneum into 3 compartments

Back 14

ANTERIOR PARARENAL SPACE,PERIRENAL SPACE,POSTERIOR PARARENAL SPACE

Front 15

Kidneys and adrenal glands lie w/in the _____ space

Back 15

PERIRENAL

Front 16

Structures in the retroperitoneum

Back 16

kidneys,adrenal glands,ascending and descending colon, 2nd 3rd 4th part duodenum,pancreas,aorta, ivc,ureters,renal vessels,superior mesenteric vessels,gonadal vessels, lymphatics,prostate

Front 17

The ____ and ____ lie posterior to the pararenal space

Back 17

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

PSOAS MUSCLE

Front 18

They are separated from the posterior pararenal space by

Back 18

TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA

Front 19

The aorta enters the abdominal cavity in a ____ location

Back 19

POSTERIOR

Front 20

The aorta becomes progressively more ___ as it travels caudally

Back 20

ANTERIOR

Front 21

The ____ is the 1st major branch of the aorta

Back 21

CELIAC AXIS

Front 22

The celiac axis is located ____ to the pancreas

Back 22

SUPERIOR

Front 23

The CA branches in:

Back 23

COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY, LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY,SPLENIC ARTERY

Front 24

The CA terminates w/the bifurcation of the:

Back 24

COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY,SPLENIC ARTERY

Front 25

Where is the sea gull or dove sign seen?

Back 25

AT THE BIFURCATION OF THE COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY AND SPLENIC ARTERY

Front 26

The common hepatic artery courses toward the liver and bifurcates into the?

Back 26

PROPER HEPATIC ARTERY

GDA

Front 27

The SMA branches off the aorta about____ to the CA

Back 27

1 cm inferior

Front 28

Fasting State

Back 28

HIGH RESISTANCE

Front 29

Postparandial

Back 29

LOW RESISTANCE
INCREASED VELOCITY

Front 30

The renal arteries arise from the lateral walls of the ____ just below the origin of the?

Back 30

AORTA

SMA

Front 31

The right renal artery passes _____ to the IVC to enter the renal hilum

Back 31

POSTERIOR

Front 32

The left renal artery is ____ than the right renal artery

Back 32

SHORTER

Front 33

The inferior mesenteric artery becomes _____ with the SMA and CA stenosis of occlusion

Back 33

ENLARGED

Front 34

The IVC lies to the ____ of the aorta

Back 34

RIGHT

Front 35

The IVC ____ with cardiac failure and fluid overload

Back 35

DILATES

Front 36

The most common tumor to involve the IVC is the?

Back 36

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Front 37

The IVC is easily displaced with?

Back 37

LYMPHADENOPATHY

Front 38

The most common IVC filter is the?

Back 38

GREENFIELD FILTER

Front 39

Proper location for an IVC filter is ____ to the renal veins

Back 39

INFERIOR

Front 40

There are _____ hepatic veins

Back 40

3

Front 41

The left renal vein is ___ passing b/w the SMA and aorta as it travels from the left kidney to the IVC

Back 41

LONGER

Front 42

Engorgment of the left renal vein due to its compression by the SMA and aorta

Back 42

NUTCRACKER SYNDROME

Front 43

The right gonadal vein drains into the

Back 43

IVC

Front 44

The left gonadal vein drains into the

Back 44

LEFT RENAL VEIN

Front 45

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is AKA?

Back 45

ORMONDS DISEASE OR

INFLAMMATORY ANEURYSM

Front 46

A dense fibrous tissue proliferation confined to the paravertebral region

Back 46

RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS

Front 47

The fibrous rarely extends superior to the level of?

Back 47

L2

Front 48

Sono appearance of retroperitoneal fibrosis

Back 48

HYPOECHOIC MIDLINE MASS

Front 49

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is associated with?

Back 49

BILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION

Front 50

The ___ & ____ provide an alternate pathway for venous return in the case of caval obstruction

Back 50

AZYGOS

HEMIAZYGOS VEINS

Front 51

The azygos vein is located on the ?

Back 51

RIGHT

Front 52

The hemiazygos vein is located on the?

Back 52

LEFT

Front 53

The adrenal glands and kidneys are located w/in the ____ space

Back 53

PERIRENAL

Front 54

The _____ is shaped like a triangle or pyramid

Back 54

RIGHT ADRENAL GLAND

Front 55

The _____ is crescent shaped and located on anteriomedial to the upper pole of the left kidney

Back 55

LEFT ADRENAL GLAND

Front 56

The crus of the diapragm is located ___ to the aorta ____to the CA and ___ to the IVC

Back 56

ANTERIOR
SUPERIOR
POSTERIOR

Front 57

The crus is located medial and posterior to all structures except the

Back 57

AORTA

Front 58

The ____ is hypoechoic and typically is less echogenic than the surrounding retroperitoneal fat

Back 58

ADRENAL CORTEX

Front 59

Right suprarenal vein drains into

Back 59

IVC

Front 60

Left suprrenal vein drains into

Back 60

LEFT RENAL VEIN

Front 61

The adrenal cortex produces

Back 61

MINERALOCORTICOIDS
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
ANDROGENS

Front 62

The adrenal cortical hormones are regulated by the

Back 62

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONES (ACTH)

Front 63

The adrenal medulla produces what catecholamines

Back 63

EPINEPHRINE (adrenalin)
NOREPINEPHRINE

Front 64

Can be hyperfunctioning or non hyperfunctioning

Back 64

ADRENAL ADENOMA

Front 65

Excessive cortisol secretion associated with adrenal adenoms

Back 65

CUSHINGS SYNDROME

Front 66

Excessive cortisol secretion due to increase in ACTH from a pituitary adenoma

Back 66

CUSHINGS DISEASE

Front 67

Excessive aldosterone secretion associated with adrenal adenoma

Back 67

CONN'S DISEASE

Front 68

May be caused by androgen secreting adrenocortical and ovarian disorderes

Back 68

HIRSUTISM

Front 69

Rare tumor with poor prognosis

Back 69

ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA

Front 70

Originate in the adrenal medulla but may occur in ectopic locations such as along the paraaortic sympathetic nerve chain

Back 70

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

Front 71

Pheochromocytomas are associated with?

Back 71

MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA (MEN)

VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE

Front 72

Malignant tumor arising from the sympathetic nervous system

Back 72

NEUROBLASTOMA

Front 73

Most common presentation of an adrenal neuroblastoma

Back 73

PALPABLE ABDOMINAL MASS

Front 74

Most common childhood adrenal mass

Back 74

ADRENAL NEUROBLASTOMA

Front 75

Sono apperance of an adrenal neuroblastoma

Back 75

SOLID MASS THAT DISPLACES THE IPSILATERAL KIDNEY INFERIORLY INTO THE PELVIS

Front 76

Benign nonfunctioning adrenal masses that contain fat and bone elements

Back 76

MYELOLIPOMA

Front 77

Sono apperance of myelolipoma

Back 77

HYPERECHOIC MASSES IN THE ADRENAL BED

Front 78

Associated w/propagation speed artifact due to fat compisition

Back 78

MYELOLIPOMA

Front 79

Most common cell type of adrenal lymphoma

Back 79

NON HODGKINS DISEASE

Front 80

The adrenal glands are the ____ most common metastatic site after the luns,live and bone

Back 80

4th

Front 81

Most common in the neonate

Back 81

ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE

Front 82

Newborn presents with an abdominal mass and decreasing hematocrit

Back 82

ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE