Ukfph 1A.1 - Epidemiology - Health Statistics

Front 1

What is crude mortality rate?
(numerator/denominator)

Back 1

A mortality incidence measure
number of deaths/mid-year population
(1-year)

Front 2

What is age-specific mortality rate?
(numerator/denominator)

Back 2

A mortality incidence measure
# of deaths aged X /
mid-year population aged x
(1-year)

Front 3

What is child mortality rate?

Back 3

A mortality incidence measure
# of deaths in children aged 1-4 years /
mid-year # of children aged 1-4 years
(1-year)

Front 4

What is infant mortality rate?

Back 4

A mortality incidence measure
# deaths <1 year old /
# of live births within 1-year

Front 5

Postnatal mortality rate

Back 5

A mortality incidence measure
# of deaths under 1 year old /
# of live births

Front 6

What is neonatal mortality rate

Back 6

A mortality incidence measure
# of deaths in infants aged 4-52 weeks/
# of live births

Front 7

What is perinatal mortality rate?

Back 7

A mortality incidence measure
# of stillbirths + deaths< 7days/
# of live births + still births

Front 8

What is crude birth rate?

Back 8

A fertility incidence measure
# of live births /1000 total population
usually within 1 year

Front 9

What is general fertility rate?

Back 9

# of live births /1000 women aged 15-44 years
usually within 1 year

Front 10

What is age-specific fertility rate?

Back 10

# of live births in 1 year/1000 women within a particular age band

Front 11

What is total period fertility rate?

Back 11

Sum of the age-specific rates across an average woman's reproductive lifetime.

Front 12

Name and describe 5-7 different types of mortality indices

Back 12

Crude
Age-specific
Child
Infant
Postnatal
Neonatal
Perinatal
Standardised mortality ratio

Front 13

Name and describe 4 different types of fertility indices

Back 13

Crude birth rate
General fertility rate
Age-specific fertility rate
Total period fertility rate

Front 14

Describe one limitation of using crude birth rate to understand a population's fertility.

Back 14

This fertility indice is not very reflective because its denominator includes men, children and postmenopause women.

Front 15

Describe one advantages of using general fertility rate.

Back 15

This fertility indice is more reflective and sensitive to fertility status of women within a population.
Its denominator includes only women of childbearing age - 1000 women aged 15-44 years

Front 16

This feature of AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATE distinguishes it from general fertility rate and crude birth rate.

Back 16

This fertility indice is more precise.
It takes into account differences in fertility of women at different ages.

Front 17

This fertility indices enables comparison of fertility rate between countries over time with reasonable precision and theoretical accuracy.

Back 17

Total period fertility rate is a fertility indices that allow for such use.

Front 18

Routine data

Back 18

Information of a specific population collected consistently for administrative reasons

Front 19

Examples of routine data

Back 19

Demography, mortality and morbidity are examples of such information.

Front 20

Vital statistics

Back 20

Critical information used to analyze the general health status of a specific population

Front 21

Examples of vital statistics

Back 21

Births, deaths and migrations are types of such information

Front 22

Strengths of vital statistics

Back 22

Often available at a very low-cost
Usually complete data recording
Data obtained from regular intervals
Good for ecological studies to see trends
Current/Up-to-date

Front 23

Weakness of vital statistics

Back 23

Can be out-of-date
Prone to various biases
Vital statistics can be out of date

Front 24

Four ways to improve data quality

Back 24

Computerized data collation and analysis - improves accuracy, timeliness or data preparation and dissemination

Feedback - Communications between data provider and end user

Presentation - data available in various ways that are meaningful to policy makers, media, professionals and public

Training - use standard definitions, coding, terminologies during every step in the data management process

Front 25

Five examples of routine statistics in Hong Kong

Back 25

Department of Health
Hospital Authority
Death Registry
Department of Immigration

Front 26

Population at risk

Back 26

This is a subgroup of a wider population that has been subjected to the exposure of interest and which therefore has a propensity to have been affected by that exposure.

Front 27

A ratio

Back 27

Both numerator and denominator are "counted numbers"
# of males / # of females
in a given population

Front 28

A proportion

Back 28

Numberator is a "counted number" and the denominator is a "population of interest"
# of males / # of all people in a population

Front 29

A rate

Back 29

This is a measure of frequency of occurrence of a phenomenon