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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What antiviral medications are used against HIV?
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AZT, Zidovudine, Tenofovir, Efavirenz, Tipranavir, Enfurvitide
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What is the function of AZT and Zidovudine?
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (HIV)
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What is the function of Tenofovir?
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Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (HIV)
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What is the function of Efavirenz?
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Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (HIV)
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What is the function of Tipranavir?
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Protease Inhibitor (HIV)
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What is the funciton of Enfurvitide?
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Fusion Inhibitor
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What are the side effects of AZT and Zidovudine?
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Bone marrow decrease
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What are the side effects of Tenofovir?
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Diarrhea
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What are the side effects of Efavirenz?
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Diarrhea, CNS
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What antiviral medications are used against HSV-1, HSV-2, VZ, CMV, and EBV?
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Acyclovir and Cidofovir
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What is the function of Acyclovir?
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Guanosine analog converted to AT. Commonly used for suppression and treatment of genital Herpes
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What is the function of Cidofovir?
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Acyclic nucleoside phosphate derivative. Does not require TK phosphorylation, used for resistant CMV-infected AIDS patients
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What are the side effects of Acyclovir?
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CNS related and rare
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What are the side effects of Cidofovir?
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Nephotoxic (always prehydrate w/ NS)
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What antiviral medications are used against Influenza?
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Amantidine (Inf. A), Rimantidine (Inf. A), Neuraminidase Inhibitor (Inf. A, B, and C)
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What is the function of Amantidine?
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Dopamine agonist used to manage Parkinsons Disease. Only covers influenza A. Used for individuals not candidates for vaccinations
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What are the side effects of Amantidine?
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Little CNS effects
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What is the function of Rimantidine?
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Hydrophilic analog fo amantidine with reduced CNS adverse effects. Costs more. Same uses as Amantidine
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What are the side effects of Rimantidine?
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Less side effects than amantidine (CNS related)
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What is the function of Neuraminidase inhibitors?
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Derivatives of amantidine. Inhibit enzyme critical to maturation and infectivity of newly produced viral particles. (viral neuraminidase).
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What anitviral medication is used against Herpes labialis?
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Penciclovir
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What is the function of Penciclovir
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Poor oral availability, only used topically every two hours for herpes labialis
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What antiviral medication is used against HZ and genital herpes?
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Valacyclovir
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What is the function of Valacyclovir?
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Prodrug formation of acyclovir which is rapidly converted to active form. Enhances drug delivery, serum level approach IV acyclovir
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What are the side effects of Valacyclovir?
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Headache, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness
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What antiviral medication is used against HSV (recurrent) and HZ?
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Famciclovir
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What is the function of Famciclovir?
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Prodrug of penciclovir with good oral absorption
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What are the side effects of Famciclovir?
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Headache, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness
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What antiviral medications are used against Hep B and C?
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Interferons and Ribavirin (also used against RSV)
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What are the functions of Interferons?
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Inhibit protein synthesis, cleave cellular RNA and DNA, block viral release
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What are the functions of Ribavirin?
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Guanosine nucleoside requires phosphorylation to triphosphate form. Most common clinical use is with Heptidic diseases. Only comes orally.
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What are the side effects of Interferons?
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Flu-like symptoms, depression, suicidal
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What are the side effecsts of Ribavirin?
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Nausea, lethargy, teratogenic/embryogenic
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What antiviral medications are used against CMV (mainly), HIV, organ transplant, CMV retinitis (intravitreal device)?
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Ganciclovir
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What is the function of Ganciclovir
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Nucleoside analog of guanine that eventually results in DNA chain termination in infected cells
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What are the side effects of Ganciclovir
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Neutropenia (30-40%)
High toxicity |
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What antiviral medications are used against Treatment resistant CMV and HSV. Also HSV-1, HSV-2, Influenza A & B, HIV, and Hep. B.
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Foscarnet
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What is the function of Foscarnet
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Binds and inactivates DNA polymerase w/out phosphorylation by TK. Most commonly employed for resistant CMV and HSV. HIGHLY INTOLERABLE. Only available in IV, prehydration with NS essential to prevent renal toxicity.
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What are the side effects of Foscarnet
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Renal Toxicity (nephotoxic), increased seizure potential
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Which antiretrovirals are used against Hep B
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Lamivudine, Emtricitabine, Adefovir, Tenofovir
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