Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
80-85% of infants with myelomeningocele have what?
|
hydrocephalus
|
|
|
Neural tube defect that is characterized by a sac that contains meninges and CSF, but spinal cord is not involved
|
meningocele
|
|
|
Neural tube defect that is similar to meningocele, but spinal cord and roots ARE involved
|
myelomeningocele
|
|
|
Nursing Care for Spina bifida pre-op
|
prevent infection and injury
-sterile dressing with normal saline -protective devises and avoid diapers |
|
|
Nursing Care for Spina bifida post-op
|
Monitor
-urinary complications -neuromuscular impairment -bowel function -family coping |
|
|
SxS of hydrocephalus in infants
|
abnormal rate of head growth
bulging fontanels dilated scalp veins ICP -headache on waking irritable, lethargy, apathy, confusion |
|
|
Imbalance in the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system
|
hydrocephalus
|
|
|
Impaired absorption of CSF in arachnoid space
|
communicating
|
|
|
obstruction to flow of CSF through the ventricular system
|
Non communicating
|
|
|
Tx for hydrocephalus
|
surgical removal of obstruction and insertion of shunts to provide drainage
|
|
|
non shunting procedure to treat non communicating hydrocephalus
|
ventriculostomy
|
|
|
Nursing care for hydrocephalus
|
-assess head circumference, fontanels, canial structures
-LOC -support head and neck when holding -small freq feeds to decrease risk of vomit -shunt care |
|
|
Causes of ICP
|
tumors
accumulation of fluid within the ventricular system bleeding edema |
|
|
Early sxs of ICP
|
irritability, fatigue, and personality changes
|
|
|
ICP sxs infants and young children
|
bulging fontanels
high pitch cry increase head size setting sun eyes irritable change in feeding habits crying, cuddling, and rocking |
|
|
ICP sxs older children
|
vomit
cognitive, personality, and behavioral changes diplopia and blurry vision anorexia, nausea, wt loss seizures |
|
|
Late manifestations of EXTREMELY high increased ICP
|
LOC, lethargy to coma
decreased motor response abnormal sensations to painful stimuli pupil size and reactivity decerebrate or decorticate papilledema chain stoking |
|
|
Nursing care for ICP/head injuries
|
HOB 30%
I and O seizures precautions non stimuli Neuro assessment first 24 then q4 if stable watch for signs of ICP document amount and color of drainage assess pain q4 hr monitor for incontinence in children not in diapers |
|
|
What nursing management especially for infants under 24 months should be preformed q2 hrs for 24 hrs then repeat x2 daily
|
Measure occipital frontal circumference
|
|
|
pt teaching for ICP/head injury
|
teach signs of ICP
rational for freq neuro checks decreased stimuli seizures could occur up to 2 yrs later |
|
|
Meningitis incidence is greatly reduced with what vaccine
|
H. influenzae type B
|
|
|
Meningitis sxs
|
coma
delirium fever headache high pitched cry irritable nuchal rigidity petechial or purpuric lesions projectile vomit bulging fontanel |
|
|
Meningitis nursing care
|
prevent over or under hydration for adequate cerebral perfusion
promo normal bowel elimination do not over stimulate cardiac monitor |
|
|
most deadly cause of meningitis
|
neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal)
|
|
|
Meningitis Dx
|
lumbar puncture
|
|
|
Meningitis Tx
|
antibiotics (based on bacterial cause)
|
|
|
Viral meningitis associated with
|
measles, mumps, herpes, leukemia, and vaccines
|
|
|
Viral meningitis sxs
|
ab pain
nausea vomit photophobia muscle aches led pain |
|
|
How to Tx viral meningitis
|
Tx symptoms - usually subsides in 3-10 days
|
|
|
Meningitis in infancy could have silent sequelea (what type)
|
Nerological, which could manifest as learning or behavior problems when a child reaches school age
|
|
|
Three types of head injury seen in children
|
tearing
shearing compression |
|
|
Shaken baby is what type of injury
|
shearing
|
|
|
cost common type of head injury
|
concussion
|
|
|
true or false- concussion are transient and reversible lasting a short time
|
true
|
|
|
epidural hemorrhage is uncommon in children of what age
|
4 years and under
|
|
|
common birth trauma in infants with peak incidences of 6 months
|
subdural hematoma
|
|
|
true or false - some degree of edema is expected after trauma, especially 24-72 hrs after injury
|
true
|
|
|
Nursing care for sub, epi hemorrhage, and cerebral edema (same as ICP)
|
02
hob 30% monitor I and O seizure precautions no stimuli environment neuro assessments q2hr first 24 the q4 if pt is stable monitor for signs of ICP color and amount of drainage pain assessment q4 hr |
|
|
Nurse documentation of seizure activity
|
possib;e trigger
behavior just before seizure start time and end time physical manifestations on pt during seizure post seizure behavior |
|
|
goals of seizure TX
|
-control seizures and reduce freq
-discover and correct causes - help child live normal life |
|
|
Seizure Tx once adequate airway, o2, and hydration is obtained
|
IV diazepam- Valium
IV Phenobarbital rectal diazepam |
|
|
transient disorders of children that occur in association with fever
|
febrile seizures
|
|
|
most common neurologic disorder of childhood
|
febrile seizures
|
|
|
usually occur after 6 months and before 3 years
|
febrile seizures
|
|
|
increased freq in children younger than 18 months
|
febrile seizures
|
|
|
The rapid elevation in temp is more important than the high degree
|
febrile seizures
|
|
|
Fever will exceed 101.8 during this type of seizure
|
febrile seizures
|
|
|
this type of seizure usually accompanies upper resp or GI infection
|
febrile seizures
|
|
|
95% of this type of seizure are benign or not the result of epilepsy
|
febrile seizures
|
|
|
This type of bath can be effective in lowering a child's temperature.
|
what is Tepid sponge
|
|
|
child flexes knees and hips in response to passive neck flexion
|
Positive Brudzinski
|
|
|
child is unable to extend leg when the hip and knee are flexed
|
positive Kernig's
|
|
|
in discharge teaching for a child with rheumatic fever?
|
compliance with Rx
good nutrition hygenic practices adequate rest - Seek medical help is they experience signs of excessive fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, or exertional dyspnea |
|
|
hand-held device used to monitor a person's ability to breathe out air. It measures the airflow through the bronchi and thus the degree of obstruction in the airways
|
Peak flow meter
|
|
|
PEFR is
|
peak expiratory flow rate
|
|
|
Nursing care for child with pneumonia
|
Nursing care of the child with pneumonia is primarily supportive and symptomatic but necessitates thorough respiratory assessment and the administration of oxygen and antibiotics
Isolation status Conservation of energy Fluids, antitussives, antipyretics (febrile seizures) Mist tent for cool humidification ---frequent clothing and linen changes Reducing anxiety and apprehension CPT, P&PD |
|
|
pneumonia immunizations and prevention
|
Hib vaccine
PCV (pneumococcal conjugate) T teach children the importance of covering cough/sneeze, good hand washing |
|
|
Asthma Dx
|
Classic manifestations are cough, wheezing, and dyspnea
First attack often occurs between the ages of 3 and 8 years In infancy, an attack usually follows a respiratory infection Some children may experience a prodromal itching at the front of the neck or the upper part of the back just before an attack |
|
|
Asthma Management
|
Allergen control
Drug therapy Exercise Chest physiotherapy Hyposensitization |
|
|
medical emergency that can result in respiratory failure and death if untreated
|
status asthmaticus
|
|
|
Post-care for tonsillectomy
|
Focus is on providing comfort and minimizing activities that precipitate bleeding
Avoid aspiration Pain relief : analgesics, ice collar Fluids ---clear liquids PO (avoid red)…avoid citrus juice Soft foods usually started on 1st or 2nd post-op day Milk, ice cream, pudding usually not offered IV, vital signs…. Throat checks : normal appearance is a brown circle with a white ring |
|
|
Dilantin side effects
|
Children and young adults can develop overgrowth of the gums during long-term therapy which requires regular treatment by a dentist. Good oral hygiene and gum massage may reduce the risk
|
|
|
Pneumonia sxs in children
|
fever
chills cough unusually rapid breathing breathing with grunting or wheezing sounds labored breathing that makes a child's rib muscles retract vomiting chest pain abdominal pain decreased activity loss of appetite (in older kids) or poor feeding (in infants) in extreme cases, bluish or gray color of the lips and fingernails |
|
|
Pneumonia Dx
|
chest x ray or blood test
|
|
|
Pneumonia Tx
|
antibiotics
|
|
|
nursing care for pneumonia
|
O2
side lying, up right turn pt every 2 hrs to prevent pooling teach pt good hygiene, diet, rest, and exercise |
|
|
SxS of appendicitis
|
loss of appetite
fever nausea vomiting diarrhea frequent or painful urination If the appendix bursts, a child can develop a high fever, and pain will move throughout the abdominal area |
|
|
post op care for appendectomy
|
temperature, heart rate, and breathing
infection prevention comfort decreases peristalsis |
|
|
Dehydration sxs
|
Sunken eyes
Decreased frequency of urination or dry diapers Sunken soft spot on the front of the head in babies (called the fontanel) No tears when the child cries Dry or sticky mucous membranes (the lining of the mouth or tongue) Lethargy (less than normal activity) Irritability (more crying, fussiness with inconsolably) |
|
|
Did i include the developmental delay material?
|
no
|
