Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
describe the difference between acculturation and enculturation
|
acculturation is change brought out through contact with those in different cultures, enculturation is the learning of culture from being part of it
|
|
|
name the 5 stages (and ages) of freudian development
|
oral 0-2
anal 2-4 phallic 4-6 latent 6-puberty genital puberty- on |
|
|
describe erikson's theory of develpment
|
neo-freudian stage theorist
8 stages (oral sensory, muscular anal, locomotor etc) each stage characterized by a basic conflict (trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, etc.) |
|
|
describe piaget's theory of development
|
stage theory of cognitive development
4 stages from birth - 12 yo sensorimotor (0-2) pre-operational (2-7) concrete operaional (7-11) formal operational (11+) |
|
|
describe the hallmarks of the pre-operational stages
|
2-7 yo
able to use symbolic though through language and images egocentric thinking simplistic classification |
|
|
describe Kohlberg's theory of development
|
a stage theory of moral development
3 levels: preconventional, conventional, post-conventional 2 stages to each level |
|
|
what is unique about chomsky's theory of language development?
|
nativist - believed that people are born with innate language ability - Language Acquisition Device
needs to be practiced during sensitive period |
|
|
what does piaget's theory state about language?
|
"knowledge is action"
language is part of childs general cognitive development extension of symbolic play/understanding at the end of the sensorimotor period |
|
|
at what age should a child speak its first words?
|
12 months
|
|
|
what language landmarks would be considered problematic at 18 months?
|
no single word statements; communicates with jargon and gestures
|
|
|
what erickson conflict is associated with adolescence?
|
identity vs. role confusion
|
|
|
what is habituation?
|
ie desensitization
repeated stimulation results in decreased response |
|
|
define extinction
|
conditioned response decrease when the conditioned stimulus becomes uncoupled with conditioned response
|
|
|
define operant conditioning
|
conditioning in which response is formed by consequences which immediately follow behavior
|
|
|
what is modeling? what is shaping
|
modeling = observational learning in which behaviors imitate another individual
shaping = in operant conditioning, reinforcement rewards closer and closer approximations of desired behavior |
|
|
what can elevated maternal alpha fetoprotein levels indicate? depressed levels?
|
elevated: open neural tube defects, open esophagus
depressed: trisomy 18 (usually lethal) or 21 |
|
|
what characteristics are judged by the apgar score?
|
appearance
pulses grimace activity respiraion |
|
|
what is reactive attachment disorder?
|
infants who don't form a secure attachment to caregiver and show subsequent social development issues
can be disinhibited or inhibited type - disinhibited type are overly comfortable with strangers |
|
|
at what age does rapprochment appear?
|
~18 months
|
|
|
at what age does stranger anxiety develop
|
~ 7 months
|
|
|
at what age should object permanence develop?
|
10-12 months
|
|
|
at what does a child usually start turning themselves over?
|
5 mo
|
|
|
at what age should a child start to respond to their own names?
|
7-11 mo.
|
|
|
what erikson stage should a 3-6 yo child be in? what is the primary conflict in this age?
|
locomotor
initiative vs. guilt |
|
|
what erickson stage is a 1.5-3 yo child in? what is the primary conflict
|
muscular anal
autonomy vs doubt |
|
|
what erickson stage is a 6-12 yo child in? what is their primary conflict at this stage?
|
latency
industry vs. inferiority |
|
|
what erickson stage is a 6-12 yo child in? what is their primary conflict at this stage?
|
latency
industry vs. inferiority |
|
|
what erickson stage is a 12-18 yo in? what is their primary conflict?
|
adolescence
identity vs. role confusion |
|
|
what erickson stage is 19-40 yo? what is the conflict at this stage?
|
young adulthood
psychosocial developmet |
|
|
what erickson stage is 40-65 years old? what is the primary conflict?
|
middle adulthood
generativity vs. stagnation |
|
|
what erickson stage is 65+? what is the primary conflict?
|
maturity
ego integrity vs. despair |
|
|
describe Harry Harlow's theory
|
showed that monkeys raised with wire mothers would only relate to those with cloth covers - those without contact would be aggressive, distrustful etc
|
|
|
describe John Bowlby's theory
|
positive and negative attachment
infants enjoy PGC and are also afraid of the unknown |
|
|
describe Mary Ainsworth's theory
|
studied children in "strange situation" -> 3 types
type A - insecure avoidant, indifferent type B - securely attached, majority, explore and return to PGC type C - insecure resistant, clinging attachment |
|
|
describe Retts disorder
|
only in females
normal development up to 48 months, symptoms of autism then appear. language problems, psychomotor retardation etc. gain back some social skills with maturity |
|
|
describe childhood disintegrative disorder
|
normal development for ~2 years, then significant loss of skills in at two areas including language, social or adaptive skills, or motor skills
|
|
|
describe some red flags for 4 to 6 months
|
poor head control, failure to reach for objects, absent smile
|
|
|
name some red flags up to 3 months
|
rolling before 3 months, failure ot alert for environmental stimuli
|
|
|
name some red flags at 6 months
|
persistance of primitive reflexes past 6 months, absent babbling
|
|
|
name some red flags at 24 months
|
inability to walk up and down stairs, persistant poor transitions
|
|
|
name one cause of death that has a lower rate among african americans than other groups
|
adult suicide rate
|
|
|
name some specific health discrepancies for native americans
|
smokeless tobacco, poor diet, acute, alcoholism
|
