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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which typically occur first? A) bacterial damage B) viral damage |
Viral damage first, the bacteria can gain entry *bacteria are often present in the rostral nares- cannot invade until viral damage paves the way |
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What factor other than infectious agents must be present to make a calf sick? |
Stress!!! Stress weakens the immune system so it cannot fight against invading pathogens effectively |
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How many commonly implicated viruses can you name? |
•parainfluenza (PI3) * •herpes* •BVD* •BRSV* •Adeno •Rhino* •reo •entero •corona* |
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How many commonly implicated bacteria can you name? |
•pasteurella* •hemophilus* •salmonella •arcanobacter •Mycoplasma* •chlamydia (different than cats) |
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Why are calves ~5-8 months the ones who get the most resp. diz? |
They're put through many stresses associated with weaning & sale. They're just losing their colostral antibodies They're mixing with other calves carrying foreign (to them) strains of viruses & bacteria |
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How many specific physiologic effects of stress can you name? |
•⬆metabolic rate • anxiousness • ⬇appetite • ⬇sleep • ⬇#'s of lymphocytes • ⬇neutrophil activity • ⬆pain response • ⬇mucociliary clearance |
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What are the 2 main points of preconditioning? |
1) provide immunity before pathogens & stresses are encountered •vaccinate calves at 2-3 months, then booster at weaning (probs will happen again at feedlot entry) 2) Spread stresses out- beginning when calf is with mother on home ranch |
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What are the subtle, early c/s of resp. diz? |
•slower to feed than others •earlier to leave feed trough •mild depression observed when not disturbed (head & ears slightly down, slow to move, may stand slightly apart from others) •Signs worsen with a stress-walk •doesn't turn to look at checker at end of stress-walk |
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What are the c/s of more advanced cases of resp. Diz? |
•hunched, head & ears down •disinterested in penchecker •off feed •mucopurulent discharge •fever (normal temp is 37.5-39) |
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How many antibiotics commonly used against resp. Diz can you name? What other type of drug is also often used? |
•Florfenicol + flunixin •Ceftiofur long acting •Tulathroymcin •Florfenicol •Danofloxacin •Enrofloxacin •Tilmicosic •Oxytetracycline •Trimethoprim-sulfa •Ceftiofur Na *Anti-inflammatory, analgesic drugs also used •Flunixin •Meglumate •Ketoprofen •Meloxicam |
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How many management points, for the control & prevention of resp. Diz, can you list? |
•Genetically good cattle •balanced nutrition •reduce stresses - precondition •bedding, wind-breaks •parasite control •vaccinate & antibiotics for cows/calves •calm, gentle handling •post mortem all deaths |
