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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the ddx for middle mediastinum masses
9 |
Lymphnode masses
Vascular abnormalities esophageal masses foregut cyst mesenchymal masses paraganglioma lymphangioma- aka cystic hygroma (turners and chromosomal abnormalities) tracheal tumor thryroid masses |
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What are some causes of lymph node masses
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lung cancer, sarcoid, lymphoma, mets, infection
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What are some cause of vascular abnormalities
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aorta, pulm art, dilated azygous vein
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What are some causes of esophageal masses
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varices, diaphragmatic hernia
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What are some examples of mesenchymal masses
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lipomatosis, lipoma, neurogenic and leiomyoma
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What is the most common types of middle mediastinal mass
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lymph node masses
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What is a characteristic of an densely calcified lymph node
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granulomatous disease, sarcoid
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What are 5 causes of egg shell calcification of lymphnodes in the mediastinum
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silicosis, CWP, sarcoid, TB, treated hodgkins
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What should you think of if you see punctate calcium in a lymphnode
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mets
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What do low attenuation lymphnodes imply
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a degree of necrosis
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What are causes of low attenuation lymphnodes
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infectious (tb and fungus)- sometimes)
mets (sometimes) lymphoma (rare) sarcoid (rare) |
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What causes enhancing lymphnodes
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mets
tb castlemans |
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What are some metastatic cancers that cause enhancing lymphnodes
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renal, thyroid, melanoma, lung carcinoma
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What are non-lymphnode enhancing masses that are in the mediastinum
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substernal thyroid, carcinoid, lymphangioma, hemangioma, paraganglioma
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What is the cause of a unilateral hilar mass in a young male
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castlemans disease
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What are the 2 types of castlemans disease
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hyaline vascular and plasma cell type
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What is typically seen in the hyaline vascular type of castlemans disease
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localized, enhancing mediastinal mass in a young male
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What is the prognosis in the hyaline vascular type of castlemans disease
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benign, resection is curative
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What percent of hyaline vascular castlemans is localized
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80%
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What type of castlemans is most commonly multicentric
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plasma cell
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What is the common age that plasma cell castlemans disesase presents
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40-50
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What is seen in plasma cell castlemans disease
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multiple enhancing nodes, and splenomegally
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What is plasma cell castlemans disesase associated with
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anemia, infections, malignancy, LIP, AIDS
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Do you suspect mets from an extrathoracic primary to the mediastinum or hilar nodes
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no (3%)
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What do you suspect if you see enlarged paravetebral lymphnodes
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abdominal source
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What do you suspect if you see superior mediastinal nodes
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head and neck malignancy
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Where does breast cancer tend to spread in the mediastinum
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internal mammary lymphnodes and paracardiac
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What else besides breast cancer spreads to the paracardiac lymphnodes
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abdominal
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Where are paravetebral lymphnodes located
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retrocrural
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What is staging system for sarcoid
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1-hilar adenopathy
2-hilar and lung disease 3- lung disease only 4- fibrosis |
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What is the common age that plasma cell castlemans disesase presents
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40-50
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What is seen in plasma cell castlemans disease
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multiple enhancing nodes, and splenomegally
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What is plasma cell castlemans disesase associated with
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anemia, infections, malignancy, LIP, AIDS
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Do you suspect mets from an extrathoracic primary to the mediastinum or hilar nodes
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no (3%)
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What do you suspect if you see enlarged paravetebral lymphnodes
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abdominal source
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What do you suspect if you see superior mediastinal nodes
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head and neck malignancy
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Where does breast cancer tend to spread in the mediastinum
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internal mammary lymphnodes and paracardiac
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What else besides breast cancer spreads to the paracardiac lymphnodes
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abdominal
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Where are paravetebral lymphnodes located
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retrocrural
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What is staging system for sarcoid
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1-hilar adenopathy
2-hilar and lung disease 3- lung disease only 4- fibrosis |
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What is the classic location for a subcarinal cyst
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subcarinal or paratracheal
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What is the attenuation of a subcarinal cyst
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fluid or soft tissue
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What is the approximate attenuation of soft tissue
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20-40 HU
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What is the shape of a bronchogenic cyst
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smooth round or oval mass
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What is the signal of a bronchogenic cyst on T2
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bright
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What is the ddx for mediastinal cyst that are fluid attentuation
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esophageal duplication cyst
neuroenteric cyst pericardial cyst mesenchymal tumors |
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What is the location of neuroenteric cyst
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paraspinal
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What is a neuroenteric cyst associated with
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vetebral anomalies
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Is a leimyoma a mesenchymal tumor
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yes
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