Ucla Phy Sci. Nervous System Anatomy.

Front 1

what is the Role of meninges

Back 1

1. to protect and cover CNS
2. to enclose and protect blood vessels supplying CNS
3. contain cerebrospinal fluid

Front 2

what is subdural space

Back 2

between dura mater and arachnoid mater
has film of fluid
is a potential space (can fill with blood if injury)

Front 3

what is spinal dural sheath

Back 3

dura mater covering spinal cord

Front 4

where and what is epidural space

Back 4

external to spinal dural sheath
contains veins and fat for cushioning
site of anesth injections

Front 5

what is subarachnoid space

Back 5

threadlike web, holds arachnoid to pia mater
contains large blood vessels
has CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Front 6

denticulate ligaments

Back 6

part of pia matter
anchor spinal cord later-ly to dura mater

Front 7

what are the functions of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 7

buoyancy
cushion
nourishment
reduction of waste
carry chemical signals, hormones
lots Na and Cl ions

Front 8

Three primary brain vesicles
Week 4

Back 8

Prosencephalon (forebrain)

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Front 9

Five secondary brain vesicles
Week 5

Back 9

Prosencephalon: Telencephalon n Diencephalon

Mesencephalon

Rhombencephalon: metencephalon n myelencephalon

Front 10

Brain stem

Back 10

pons, medulla, midbrain

Front 11

Telencephalon becomes...

Back 11

cerebrum - hemispheres (cortex, white matter, basal ganglia)

Front 12

Diencephalon

Back 12

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Front 13

Mesencephalon

Back 13

midbrain (brainstem)

Front 14

Metencephalon

Back 14

pons (ventral), cerebellum (dorsal)

Front 15

Myelencephalon

Back 15

medulla oblongata

Front 16

characteristics of ventricles

Back 16

lined by ependymal cells
have CSF
continuous

Front 17

lateral ventricles

Back 17

1 and 2
sep-ed by septum pellucidum

Front 18

cerebral aqueduct

Back 18

connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

Front 19

interventricular foramen

Back 19

connects third ventricle (diencephalon) to each lateral ventricle anteriorly

Front 20

fourth ventricle

Back 20

in brainstem
dorsal to pons and superior medulla oblongata
caudally connects to inferior medulla and spinal cord

Front 21

brain stem

Back 21

automatic behav. necessary for survival
passageway (cerebrum-spinal cord)
10 out of 12 cranial nerves attach to it

Front 22

transverse cerebral fissure

Back 22

separates cerebellum from the cerebral hemisph. inferiorly

Front 23

longitudinal fissure

Back 23

separates right and left hemispheres

Front 24

central sulcus

Back 24

separates parietal from frontal lobe

Front 25

primary sensory cortex

Back 25

results in the awareness of sensation

Front 26

sensory association area

Back 26

gives meaning to sensory input

Front 27

multimodal association areas

Back 27

integration, complete understanding of sensory info with past info
develp motor resp

Front 28

motor cortex

Back 28

enacts the motor response

Front 29

primary somatosensory cortex

Back 29

touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and t from skin, proprioception from muscles and joints

in postcentral gyrus

localizes a stimulus

Front 30

spatial discrimination

Back 30

the ability to localize the stimulus (by sensory cortex)

Front 31

somatotopy

Back 31

body mapping - homunculus
area dedicated to the body area relates to sensitivity

Front 32

contralateral projection

Back 32

from sensory recept to sensory cortex - right cerebral hemisph gets info from left side of the body and vice versa

Front 33

somatosensory association area

Back 33

posterior to 1' somatos cortex
keys in pocket

Front 34

visual area

Back 34

in calcarine sulcus
in posterior and medial part ofoccipital lobe
gets info from retina
contralateral function
low integration - orientation of objects and putting sitmuli from two eyes together

Front 35

visual association ares

Back 35

processing color, form movement
covers occipital lobe
ventral and dorsal streams

Front 36

ventral stream

Back 36

extends anterior
inferior part of the entire temporal lobe
what pathway (recogn words, faces, obj)

Front 37

dorsal stream

Back 37

extends anterior
posterior parietal cortex, postcentral gyrus
where pathway, spatial location of objects

Front 38

primary auditory cortex

Back 38

superior temporal lobe inside lateral sulcus
loudness, rhythm, pitch

Front 39

auditory association area

Back 39

posterior to 1' auditory cortex
ids a sound - thunder, speech, music
memories of past sounds
in left hemisph inside Wernicke's area

Front 40

Vestibular cortex

Back 40

equilibruim
posterior part of insula deep in lateral sulcus

Front 41

gustatory cortex

Back 41

on roof of lateral sulcus

Front 42

olfactory cortex

Back 42

piriform lobe dominated by uncus
medial aspect of cerebrum
olfactory nerves (nasal cav) ---> olfactory cortex

Front 43

visceral sensory area

Back 43

in insula lobe
pain, pressure, hunger from thoracic and abdominal organs

Front 44

posterior association area

Back 44

multimodal association area
at interface visual, auditory, and somatosensory association areas
awareness of spatial location of the body
lang comprehension and speech

Front 45

anterior association area

Back 45

prefrontal cortex
in frontal lobe
integration, evaluation, and planning of motor response
lined to motor regions
cognitive
working memory (30 sec)

Front 46

limbic association area

Back 46

medial side of frontal lobe
memory
emotion
uses past experience to influence the motor response

Front 47

motor areas

Back 47

posterior part of frontal lobe

premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, frontal eye field, Broca's area

Front 48

cerebral white matter

Back 48

commissural fibers
association fibers
projection fibers

Front 49

what is the function of commissural fibers
give an example

Back 49

connect gray areas of right and left hemispheres
run horizontally
ex. Corpus Callosum

Front 50

association fibers

Back 50

connect different parts of same hemisphere
short and long
run horizontally

Front 51

projection fibers

Back 51

either from cerebral cortex to caudal, or caudal to cerebral cortex
through them sensory info reaches cortex, and motor info leaves
runs vertically

Front 52

what is dura mater

Back 52

superficial part (att. to internal surf of skull)
deeper part (continuous with dura mater surrounding the spinal cord)
two layers fused except at sinuses, where the space fills with blood

Front 53

arachnoid villi

Back 53

project super-ly through dura mater into superior sagittal sinus and other dural sinuses

Role: valves that let CSF to pass from subarachnoid space into dural blood sinuses

Front 54

choroid plexus

Back 54

site of production of CSF
capillary rich membranes in roofs of four ventricles
ependymal cells and pia mater externally

Front 55

what junctions join the cells of blood brain barrier

Back 55

tight junction

Front 56

what molecules can pass through the brain blood barrier

Back 56

can pass:
lipid soluble molecules - oxygen gas, CO2, anesthetics, drugs

Front 57

what is decussation of the pyramids

Back 57

a part of medulla, point where pyramidal fibers cross over to the opposite sides

Front 58

what connects medulla and cerebellum dorsally

Back 58

inferior cerebellar peduncles

Front 59

inferior olivary nucleus composed of ______ matter

Back 59

gray

Front 60

function of inferior olivary nucleus

Back 60

transmits sensory info (esp propioception) from spinal cord to cerebellum

Front 61

what and where is vestibulocochlear nerve

Back 61

cranial nerve VIII
sensory nerve for hearing and equillibruim
located on dorsolateral side of medulla

Front 62

what is the function of glossopharyngeal nerve

Back 62

cranial nerve IX
innervates part of tongue and pharynx

Front 63

what is the function of vagus nerve

Back 63

cranial nerve X
innervates visceral organs in thorax and abdomen

Front 64

what is accessory nerve

Back 64

cranial nerve XI
innervates some muscles of the neck

Front 65

what nerve innervates tongue muscles

Back 65

mostly hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)
partly glossopharyngeal