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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens
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Accommodation
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Unequal pupil size
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Anisocoria
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Gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common with aging
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Arcus senilis
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pupil does not react to light; does contrict with accommodation
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Argyll Robertson pupil
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refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refractive surgaces of the eye (cornea and lens)
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Astigmatism
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crossing paths of an artery and vein in the ocular fundus
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A-V crossing
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Loss of both temporal visual fields
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Bitemporal hemianopsia
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inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids
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blepharitis
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opacity of the lens of the eye that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision
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Cataract
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infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing as a beady nodule on the eyelid
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Chalazion
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infection of the conjunctivea, "pinkeye"
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Conjunctivitis
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abnormal soft exudates visible as gray-white areas on the ocular fundus
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Cotton-wool area
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ratio of the width of the physiologic cup to the width of the optic disc, normally 1/2 or less
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cup-disc ratio
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unit of strength of the lens settings on the ophthalmoscope that changes focus on the eye structures
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diopter
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double vision
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diplopia
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benign deposits on the ocular fundus that show as round yellow dots and occur commonly with aging
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drusen
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lower eyelid loose and rolling outward
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Ectropion
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lower eyelid rolling inward
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entropion
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protruding eyeballs
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exopthalmos
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area of keenest vision at the center of the macula on the ocular fundus
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fovea
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a group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure
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glaucoma
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(stye) red, painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair folliclue at eyelid margin
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Hordeolum
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the abnormal white rim of sclera visible between the upper eyelid and the iris when a person moves the eyes downward
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lid lag
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round darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision only from the central visual field
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Macula
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abnormal finding of round red dots on the ocular fundus that are localized dilatations of small vessels
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microaneurysm
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constricted pupils
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miosis
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dilated pupils
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mydriasis
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"nearsighted"; refractive error in which near vision is better than far vision
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Myopia
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involuntary, rapid rhythmic movement of the eyeball
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Nystagmus
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oculus dexter, or right eye
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OD
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Pallor of the optic disc due to partial or complete death of optic nerve
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Optic atrophy
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Area of ocular fundus in which blood vessels exit and enter
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optic disc
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oculus sinister, or left eye
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OS
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stasis of blood flow ou of the ocular fundus; sign of increased intracranial pressure
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papilledema
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decrease in power of accomodation that occurs with aging
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Presbyopia
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triangular opaque tissue on the nasal side of the conjunctiva that grows toward the center of the cornea
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Pterygium
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drooping of upper eyelid over the iris and possibly covering pupil
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Ptosis
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red glow that appears to fill the person's pupil when first visualized through the ophthalmoscope
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red reflex
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(squint, crossed eye) disparityof the eye axes
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Strabismus
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Soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the skin at the inner corners of the eyes
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Xanthelasma
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Willful infliction of force that results in bodily harm, pain, and/or impairment of a person age 65 or older. Examples include pushing, slapping, hitting, shaking, burning, and rough handling
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Elder Abuse
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Physical harm (actual or potential) to person age 65 or older because of failure to provide for the person's well being. Examples include inadequate feeding and hydration, unsanitary living conditions, and poor personal hygiene.
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Elder neglect (physical)
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physical and/or sexual violence (use of physical force) or threat of such violence; also psychological/emotional abuse and/or coercive tactics when there has been prior physical and/or sexual violence between persons who are spouses, or nonmarital partners, (dating, boyfriend-girlfriend) or former spouses or nonmarital partners
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Intimate partner violence (IPV)
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A specified group of persons (e.g. health care providers) is required by law to report abuse (of a specified nature against specified persons) to a governmental agency (e.g. protective services, the police)
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Mandatory reporting of abuse
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Infliction of emotional/mental anguish by humiliation, coercion, and threats and/or lack of social stimulation. Examples include yelling, threats of harm, threats of withholding basic medical and/or personal care, and leaving the person alone for long periods of time.
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Psychological abuse
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Asking all adult patients (usually female patients) whether they have experienced IPV each time they are in the health care system no matter what their complaint
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Routine, universal screening for intimate partner violence
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how loud or soft a sound is
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Amplitude
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the length of time a note lingers
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duration
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an infection acquired during hospitalization
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Nosocomial infection
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an instrument that illuminates the internal eye structures, enabling the examiner to look through the pupil at the fundus (background) of the eye
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Ophthalmoscope
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An instrument that illuminates the ear canal, enabling the examiner to look at the ear canal and tympanic membrane
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Otoscope
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The number of vibration or cycles per second of a note
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Pitch
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A subjective difference in a sound due to the sound's distinctive overtones
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Quality
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Baldness, hair loss
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Alopecia
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Circular shape to skin lesion
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Annular
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Elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1 cm diameter
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Bulla
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skin lesions that run together
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Confluent
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Thick dried-out exudate left on skin when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up
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Crust
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Dusky blue color to skin or mucous membranes due to increased amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin
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Cyanosis
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Scooped out, shallow depression in skin
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Erosion
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intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation
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Erythema
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Self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching
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Excoriation
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linear crack in skin extending into dermis
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Fissure
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(boil) suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle
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Furuncle
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skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
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Hemangioma
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target shape of skin lesion
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iris
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yellow color to skin, palate, and sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood
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Jaundice
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hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury
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Keloid
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tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin, from prolonged intense scratching
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Lichenification
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benign fatty tumor
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lipoma
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softening of tissue by soaking
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Maceration
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flat skin lesion with only a color change
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Macule
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(mole) circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes
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Nevus
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elevated skin lesion, >1 cm diameter
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Nodule
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excessively pale, whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin
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Pallor
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Palpable skin lesion of < 1 cm diameter
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Papule
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Skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together
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Plaque
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itching
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Pruritus
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red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels
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Purpura
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elevated cavity containing thick turbid fluid
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Pustule
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Compact desiccated flakes of skin from shedding of dead skin cells
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Scale
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skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible
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Telangiectasia
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sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin, extending into dermis
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Ulcer
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Elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1 cm in diameter
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Vesicle
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Blowing, swooshing sound heard through the stethoscope over an area of abnormal blood flow
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Bruit
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increase in size of thyroid gland that occurs with hyperthyroidism
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Goiter
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enlargement of the lymph nodes due to infection, allergy or neoplasm
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Lymphadenopathy
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abnormally large head
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Macrocephalic
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abnormally small head
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Microcephalic
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round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size
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Normocephalic
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head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle
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Torticollis
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outer fibrous rim encircling the eardrum
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Annulus
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congenital absence or closure of ear canal
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Atresia
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Yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear canal
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Cerumen
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Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air
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Eustachian Tube
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inner ear structure containing the central hearing apparatus
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Cochlea
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superior, posterior free rim of the pinna
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Helix
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"anvil", middle of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear
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Incus
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"hammer", first of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear
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Malleus
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bony prominence of the skull located just behind the ear
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Mastoid
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Sensory organ of hearing
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Organ of Corti
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pain in the ear
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Otalgia
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inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal
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Otitis externa
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inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrance
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Otitis media
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discharge from the ear
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Otorrhea
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small, slack, superior section of tympanic membrane
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Pars flaccida
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thick, taut, central/inferior section of tympanic membrane
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Pars tensa
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Auricle or outer ear
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Pinna
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"stirrup", inner of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear
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Stapes
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ringing in the ear
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Tinnitus
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"eardrum", thin, translucent, oval membrane that stretches across the ear canal and separates the middle ear from the outer ear
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Tympanic membrane
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knob of the malleus that shows through the tympanic membrane
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Umbo
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a spinning, twirling sensation
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Vertigo
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"canker sores"--small, painful, round, ulcers in the oral mucuosa of unknown cause
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Aphthous ulcers
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pertaining to the cheek
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Buccal
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(moniliasis) white, cheesy, curdlike patch on the buccal mucuosa due to superficial fungal infection
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Candidiasis
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decay in the teeth
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caries
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indentations on surface of tonsils
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crypts
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red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at corners of mouth
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Cheilitis
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Closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx
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Choanal atresia
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nosebleed, usually from anterior septum
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Epistaxis
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nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum
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Epulis
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small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa
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Fordyce's granules
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red swollen gum margins that bleed easily
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Gingivitis
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"cold sores", --clear vesicles with red base, which evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junction
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Herpes simplex
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small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosa; early sign of measles
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Koplik's spots
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chalky white, thick raised patch on sides of tongue, precancerous
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Leukoplakia
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upper or lower dental arches out of alignment
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Malocclusion
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rough bumpy elevation of dorsal surface of tongue
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Papillae
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pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears
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Parotid glands
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inflammation of the throat
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Pharyngitis
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soft whitish debris on teeth
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Plaque
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smooth, pale gray nodules in the nasal cavity due to chronic allergic rhinitis
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Polyp
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red swollen inflammation of nasal mucosa
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Rhinitis
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oral candidiasis in the newborn
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Thrush
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one of 3 bony projections into the nasal cavity
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Turbinate
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free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate
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Uvula
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Moving a body part away from an axis or the median line
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Abduction
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Moving a body part toward the center or toward the median line
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Adduction
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immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, surgery; most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis
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Ankylosis
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inability to perform coordinated movements
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Ataxia
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enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction
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bursa
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moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
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circumduction
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dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bones
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Crepitation
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directed toward or located on the surface
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Dorsa
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flexion contractures of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia
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Dupuytren's contracture
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moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
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Eversion
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straightening a limb at a joint
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Extension
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bending a limb at a joint
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Flexion
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round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule, usually on dorsum of wrist
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Ganglion
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lateral or outward deviation of the great toe
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Hallux valgus
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moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
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inversion
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outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine, hunchback
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Kyphosis
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fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthen the joint
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Ligament
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inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine
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Lordosis
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center of the intervertebral disc
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Nucleus pulposus
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bony projection of the ulna at the elbow
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Olecranon process
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kneecap
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Patella
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surface of the sole of the foot
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Plantar
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turning the forearm so that the palm is down
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Pronation
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moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
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Protraction
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extent of movement of a joint
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ROM range of motion
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moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
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retraction
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chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the foot
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Sciatica
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S-Shaped curvature of the thoracic spine
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Scoliosis
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turning the forearm so that the palm is up
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Supination
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(clubfoot) congenital deformity of the foot in which it is planter flexed and inverted
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Talipes equinovarus
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strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone
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Tendon
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(wryneck) contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck
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Torticollis
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