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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do yeast differ from molds
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yeast bud, form pseudohyphae, + gramstain
mold grow by hyphae, produce spores, no gram stain |
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which 2 fungi are adapted to humans? implications?
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candida and dermatophyts
can be spread from person to person |
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Do fungi need aerobic or anaerobic environments?
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obligate aerobic
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How do fungi and yeast reproduce?
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fungi- spores
yeast-budding |
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What are 3 systemic fungi? how else can they be classified?
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blasto, histo, coccidio
coccidio and histo also classified as dimorphic |
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Malassezia furfur
-classification -spread -disease |
yeast, opportunistic
direct touch tinea versicolor, pityriasis versicolor fungemia (Catheter) |
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tinea
-classification -spread -disease |
-cutaneous, dermatophyte
-direct contact with skin or contaminated object -ring worm, atheletes foot, capitis |
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What makes dermatophytes unique?
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only survive on layer of dead keratinized skin
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all dimorphics (that we know of) can also be classified as...
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opportunistic!
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Where do you find blasto, histo and coccidio
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coccidio (west)
histo (southeast) blasto (east) blasto and histo overlap |
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Which 2 dimorphics can you test for with a skin test
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histo and coccidio
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Which dimorphics cause a granulomatous disease
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all 3
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Reservoir for dimorphics?
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soil-->inhalation of spores
histo associated with bird droppings |
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What is the primary disease symptoms in dimorphics
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Histo and coccidio -->asymptomatic in most
Blasto-->primary pneumia |
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Why is histo called histo
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it survives in macrophages (histiocytes)
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what happens to immunocompromised people with dimorphic infections
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systemic (bone, skin, meningitis)
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in terms of presentation how does blasto differ from histo and TB
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no skin test
causes pneumonia mainly |
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How can you test for coccidio specifically?
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serology
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Which 2 dimorphics have similar disease presentation? what are the similarities?
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histo and coccidio
mostly asymptomatic in immunocompetent, TB like granulomatous disease in immunocompromised |
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What are the 3 classifications of fungi, and what fungi are in the groups
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cutaneous/superficial (dermatophytes)
systemic (dimorphics) Opportunistic (yeasts and aspergillus) |
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What causes cryptococcus? Who should be very careful? why?
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pigeon droppings, inhaled.
most cases in immunocompromised, HIV + should not have birds |
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What is the disease progression in cryptococcus?
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1. asymptomatic or pneumonia
a. immunocompetent walls off disease b. immunocompromised have hematogenous spread, leukemia |
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When is someone likely to get a PJP reactivation. how do you prevent it
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CD4<200
prophylax with sulfa |
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Aspergillus releases a toxin
Where is it found, what does it do? |
commonly contaminates rice, grains, peanuts
causes liver damage |
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What are 3 aspergillosis clinical syndromes
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ABPA- igE mediated asthma reaction
pulmonary aspergilloma- hemoptysis, lung cavitation invasive aspergillosis- necrotizing pneumona, immunocompromised. CD$<50 |
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MOA and examples of polyenes
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ampho, nystatin
punch holes in ergosterol |
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MOA and examples of azoles
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block ergosterol synthesis
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MOA and examples of echinocandins
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caspofungin
block cell wall synthesis via 1,3 glucan synthase |
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MOA and examples of allylamines
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terbinafine
block cell wall synthesis via squalene epoxidase |
