Ub Evolutionary Biology Exam 2

Front 1

Lamarck's view?

Back 1

Acquired Characteristics

Front 2

Epigenetic effects

Back 2

changes in the expression of genes that occur without changing the DNA sequence

Front 3

Positive selection

Back 3

a selective advantage for one allele and that favored allele increases

Front 4

Negative selection

Back 4

selective disadvantage for allele

Front 5

what produces selection?

Back 5

-Internal environment
ex) genetic environment, physiological/developmental environment
-External Environment
Physical Environment
Biological Environment (competition, etc)

Front 6

What happens when there is a selection against a dominant trait?

Back 6

Rapid elimination should occur. (AA,Aa,aa) 2/3

Front 7

What happens when there is a selection against a recessive trait?

Back 7

Slow elimination should occur. (AA,Aa,aa) 1/3

Front 8

Neutralism?

Back 8

Both species no benefit or disadvantage

Front 9

Mutualism?

Back 9

Both species benefit

Front 10

Competition?

Back 10

Both species have a disadvantage

Front 11

Predation?

Back 11

Predator benefits. Prey has a disadvantage

Front 12

Parasitism?

Back 12

Parasite benefits. Host has a disadvantage

Front 13

Commensalism?

Back 13

Commensal benefits. No change for the host

Front 14

Amensalism?

Back 14

A no change. B has a disadvantage

Front 15

Interspecific competition?

Back 15

Between species

Front 16

Intraspecific competition?

Back 16

Within a species

Front 17

Interspecific:
Scramble competition:

Back 17

same resource at diff times (whoever gets there first)

Front 18

Interspecific:
Contest competition:

Back 18

same resource at same time (actually fight)

Front 19

Competitive Exclusion Principle:

Back 19

complete competitors cannot co-exist

Front 20

Keystone species:

Back 20

a species that plays a critical role in maintaining that structure of an ecological community and whose impact on the community is greater than would be expected based on its relative abundance

Front 21

Resource Partitioning:

Back 21

1) Habitat partitioning (divide it up)
2) Temporal partitioning (hawks day, owls night)
3)Seasonal partitioning
4) Food type or foraging strategy partitioning

Front 22

2 ways parasites affect hosts:

Back 22

-consume energy
-destroy cells

Front 23

Sexual dimorphism:

Back 23

Male and female look different

Front 24

Sexual selection:

Back 24

competition among individuals of the same sex for reproductive success
(Male competition, Female choice)

Front 25

Male competition:

Back 25

1) Males fighting
2) Threat displays
3) Sperm competition
4) Sperm removal
5) Male guarding of female laying eggs

Front 26

Kin selection

Back 26

a form of natural selection that favors traits that increase survival or reproduction of an individuals kin at the expense of the individual

Front 27

Inclusive fitness

Back 27

sum of the reproductive success of individuals sharing genotype

Front 28

Order of speciation Taxonomy?

Back 28

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Front 29

Typological species

Back 29

each kind of organism is fixed and immutable and can be represented by an ideal individual, the type specimen

Front 30

Biological def of species

Back 30

reproductively isolated group of actually interbreeding natural populations that produce fertile offspring

Front 31

Sympatric species

Back 31

inhavit the same region of overlap

Front 32

Allopatric species

Back 32

inhabit diff regions

Front 33

Polymorphic species

Back 33

species with many different types of individuals

Front 34

Sibling species

Back 34

virtually identical species

Front 35

Ring species

Back 35

continuous gradual shift in phenotype over a large range (end populations can't breed)

Front 36

Barcode species

Back 36

scientists use a tiny snippet of a single gene to distinguish species

Front 37

Allopatric speciation

Back 37

(geographic speciation)
1) Geographic separation of a once continuous population
2) reproductive isolation produce during genetic drift or natural selection

Front 38

Sympatric speciation

Back 38

Ecological speciation= speciation within a population occuring in a single habitat.

Front 39

Divergent evolution

Back 39

populations become progressively distinct the longer they have been in separate gene pools

Front 40

Adaptive radition

Back 40

many species with a common ancestor specializing for diff life styles
---> homologous

Front 41

Coevolution

Back 41

one species may lead to the evolution of an adaptation in a species it interacts with

Front 42

ectoparasites

Back 42

external (ex. mosquitos, leeches)

Front 43

endoparasite

Back 43

internal

Front 44

Viral structure

Back 44

capsid, nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), envelope

Front 45

Polyploidy

Back 45

Having more than two sets of chromosomes

Front 46

Autopolyploidy

Back 46

Having more than two sets of chromosomes all derived from the same species

Front 47

Allopolyploidy

Back 47

Having more than two sets of chromosomes derived from different species