Uab Pediatric Pulmonary

Front 1

Is asthma more common in girls or boys?

Back 1

Before puberty - more common in boys; after puberty - equal

Front 2

What percentage of kids outgrow asthma?

Back 2

mild asthma: 60%; severe asthma: 30%

Front 3

What percentage of asthmatic children have positive allergy skin tests?

Back 3

80%

Front 4

What are the main risk factors for persistent asthma?

Back 4

Rule of E's and 3's: Onset before age 3, IgE elevation, Maternal asthma history ("M" = E on its side), eosinophilia

Front 5

What percentage of infants with RSV bronchiolitis will develop recurrent wheezing?

Back 5

50%

Front 6

Main adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids

Back 6

Local effects -- oropharyngeal symptoms: dysphonia, oral candidiasis, cough

Front 7

Best way to assess for severity of respiratory distress

Back 7

Watch for signs of anxiety (sweating, tachycardia)

Front 8

Adverse effects of significant polycythemia (Hct >65)

Back 8

headaches, joint pain, clots (leading to pulmonary emboli), hemoptysis, increased bleeding risk (platelet life decreases)

Front 9

Characteristics of psychogenic (habit) cough

Back 9

Loud, brassy barking and/or honking that can be produced on command and disappears during sleep

Front 10

Findings on renal panel consistent with CF

Back 10

Low sodium, low serum albumin

Front 11

Sweat test value diagnostic for CF

Back 11

60mEq or greater

Front 12

CF carrier rate (Caucasians)

Back 12

1 in 25

Front 13

Definition of apnea

Back 13

Cessation of breathing for more than 20 seconds, or associated with bradycardia or cyanosis if less than 20 seconds

Front 14

Postoperative complication in patients with severe obstructive apnea

Back 14

pulmonary edema

Front 15

Pleural fluid labs consistent with chylothorax

Back 15

triglyceride >110, elevated lymphocytes, protein >3

Front 16

Pleural fluid labs consistent with empyema

Back 16

elevated WBCs, positive Gram stain, or frank pus

Front 17

Causes of transudate

Back 17

cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, congestive heart failure

Front 18

Causes of exudate

Back 18

inflammatory process (pneumonia, malignancy, trauma, systemic inflammatory disease) or impaired lymphatic drainage (chylothorax)

Front 19

Protein and LDH values of pleural fluid in transudate vs. exudate

Back 19

Transudate: protein <3g/dL, LDH <200; exudate: protein >=3g/dL, LDH >200 (both Elevated in Exudate)

Front 20

Risk factors for SIDS

Back 20

Tummy sleeping, Mummy sleeping (co-sleeping), Slummy living (low income), smoking, cold weather, young parents

Front 21

Definition of ALTE

Back 21

Apnea, color change (cyanosis or pallor), unresponsive but is resuscitated successfully

Front 22

Pulse oximetry abnormality in carbon monoxide poisoning

Back 22

Falsely high (carboxyhemoglobin causes pulse ox to overestimate the level of oxyhemoglobin)

Front 23

Pulse oximetry abnormality in methemoglobinemia

Back 23

Inconsistent and unreliable values

Front 24

Typical presentation of chlamydia pneumonia

Back 24

Infant 1-3 weeks of age with a staccato cough without fever or wheezing

Front 25

Best test to confirm foreign body aspiration

Back 25

bronchoscopy

Front 26

Definition of bronchiectasis

Back 26

permanent dilation of a small segment of airway along with inflammation

Front 27

Clinical presentation of bronchiectasis

Back 27

Repeated lower respiratory tract infections with a specific area of atelectasis on CXR; coughing symptoms worse with changes in position

Front 28

Diagnostic test for bronchiectasis

Back 28

chest CT

Front 29

Clinical presentation of double aortic arch

Back 29

Infant with recurrent wheezing that increases with feeding and neck flexion

Front 30

Treatment of TB if positive PPD, negative CXR

Back 30

INH for 9 months (Rifampin for 9 months if INH resistant)

Front 31

Treatment of active TB

Back 31

2 months RIP (rifampin, INH pyrazinamide) + 4 months RI (rifampin & INH), OR 9 months RI

Front 32

Treatment of TB meningitis

Back 32

steroids; 2 months RIP (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide) and streptomycin PLUS 10 months RI (stop streptomycin after confirming INH sensitivity)

Front 33

Extrapulmonary manifestations of TB

Back 33

MAPD: meningitis, adenitis, pleuritis, disseminated (miliary disease)

Front 34

Greatest predictor of mortality in ARDS

Back 34

multi-organ involvement

Front 35

Near drowning that can be managed at home

Back 35

Submerged for less than 1 minute, no LOC, required no resuscitation

Front 36

Greatest predictor of extent of damage in near drowning

Back 36

Duration of time from submersion to when adequate respiration is restored

Front 37

Predictors of future deterioration in near drowning

Back 37

Apnea and CPR in the field; neurological (seizure or disorientation) or respiratory failure from aspiration; arterial desaturation and/or tachypnea

Front 38

Most common causes of hemoptysis

Back 38

1. infection; 2. CF (bronchiectasis); 3. foreign body aspiration