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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Experimental designs |
Mostly closely resemble the true scientific method - most effective for two variables are related |
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3 types of experiments |
Laboratory: experiment done in a common location; high internal validity, low external. Field: research takes place in the real world, sometimes covertly. Random assignment erases bias & results relfect real world Natural: relies on naturally occurring events; not controlled by the researcher. |
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Quasi-experimental or non experimental |
One characteristic of a true experiment is often missing e.g. randomization or separate control group Allows the researcher complete control over all variables bar one to track the changes = higher validity Includes cross-sectional & longitudinal |
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Cross - sectional |
Analysing a sample, or cross section, of a population at a single point in time. Must be careful on drawing conclusions about changes over time Study can be repeated several times to bring a longitudinal element - e.g. Mishler & Rose 2007 on authoritarian citizen behaviour |
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Longitudinal |
Explores changes & trends over time; research is repeated with the same sample or set of cases two or three times Allow us to research processes of individual development & change over time |
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2 Longitudinal types |
Cohort: researcher selects a group of people within a population & charts their development Panel: researcher chooses a sample, often randomly, & collects info at 2 or more points in time |
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Comparative Designs |
Most widely used for political research - both cross sectional & longitudinal, large N, small N, etc Generally weaker in external validity bc of small case study numbers, but incorporate broad history & context than other methods |
